udev在linux2.6中怎样生成设备文件

用udev在/dev/下动态生成设备文件，这样用户就不用手工调用mknod了。
http://linux.chinaunix.net/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=892777

利用的kernel API：
    
    class_create        :    创建class
    class_destroy        :    销毁class
    class_device_create    :    创建device
    class_device_destroy    :    销毁device


注意，这些API是2.6.13开始有的，在2.6.13之前，应当使用

class_simple_create
class_simple_destroy
class_simple_device_add
class_simple_device_remove 

之后演变为：

class_create

class_destroy

class_device_create

class_device_destroy

到2.6.27之后又变为：

class_create

class_destroy

device_create

device_destroy

这一系列，也就是ldd3第14章描述的。 详见:
   
https://lwn.net/Articles/128644/

Output:
===========================================
[root@localhost dynamic_dev_node]# insmod ./dummy_dev.ko
[root@localhost dynamic_dev_node]# file /dev/dummy_dev0
/dev/dummy_dev0: character special (250/0)
[root@localhost dynamic_dev_node]# rmmod dummy_dev.ko
[root@localhost dynamic_dev_node]# file /dev/dummy_dev0
/dev/dummy_dev0: ERROR: cannot open `/dev/dummy_dev0' (No such file or directory)

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CODE:

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/atomic.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>



#define THIS_DESCRIPTION "/
This module is a dummy device driver, it register/n/
/t/ta char device, and utilize udev to create/destroy /n/
/t/tdevice node under /dev/ dynamicallly."


MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("albcamus <albcamus@gmail.com>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(THIS_DESCRIPTION);



#define DUMMY_MAJOR 250
#define DUMMY_MINOR 0
#define DUMMY_NAME "dummy_dev"





/**
* the open routine of 'dummy_dev'
*/
static int dummy_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    printk("Open OK/n");
    return 0;
}

/**
* the write routine of 'dummy_dev'
*/
static ssize_t dummy_write(struct file *filp, const char *bp, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
    printk("Don't Write!/n");
    return 0;
}

/**
* the read routine of 'dummy_dev'
*/
static ssize_t dummy_read(struct file *filp, char *bp, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
    return 0;
}

/**
* the ioctl routine of 'dummy_dev'
*/
static int dummy_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filep,
            unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{

    return 0;
}


/**
* file_operations of 'dummy_dev'
*/
static struct file_operations dummy_dev_ops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .open = dummy_open,
    .read = dummy_read,
    .write = dummy_write,
    .ioctl = dummy_ioctl,
};


/**
* struct cdev of 'dummy_dev'
*/
struct cdev *my_cdev;
struct class *my_class;



static int __init my_init(void)
{
    int err, devno = MKDEV(DUMMY_MAJOR, DUMMY_MINOR);


    /* register the 'dummy_dev' char device */
    my_cdev = cdev_alloc();
    cdev_init(my_cdev, &dummy_dev_ops);

    my_cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;

    err = cdev_add(my_cdev, devno, 1);
    if (err != 0)
        printk("dummy pci device register failed!/n");

    /* creating your own class */
    my_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "dummy_class");
    if(IS_ERR(my_class)) {
        printk("Err: failed in creating class./n");
        return -1;
    }

    /* register your own device in sysfs, and this will cause udevd to create corresponding device node */
    class_device_create(my_class, NULL, MKDEV(DUMMY_MAJOR, DUMMY_MINOR), NULL, DUMMY_NAME "%d", DUMMY_MINOR );



    return 0;
}

static void __exit my_fini(void)
{
    printk("bye/n");

    cdev_del(my_cdev);
    //kfree(my_cdev); no use. because that cdev_del() will call kfree if neccessary.


    class_device_destroy(my_class, MKDEV(DUMMY_MAJOR, DUMMY_MINOR));
    class_destroy(my_class);

}




module_init(my_init);
module_exit(my_fini);