在这一篇里,要讲述图像的处理。先是演示如何在 GTK+ 窗口中显示一幅图像,然后再制造一些特效。
图像的显示
在第一个例子里,显示了一幅图像。
- #include<cairo.h>
- #include<gtk/gtk.h>
- cairo_surface_t *image;
- staticgboolean
- on_expose_event(GtkWidget *widget,
- GdkEventExpose *event,
- gpointer data)
- {
- cairo_t *cr;
- cr = gdk_cairo_create (widget->window);
- cairo_set_source_surface(cr, image,10,10);
- cairo_paint(cr);
- cairo_destroy(cr);
- returnFALSE;
- }
- intmain(intargc, char *argv[])
- {
- GtkWidget *window;
- image = cairo_image_surface_create_from_png("plaveckycastle.png");
- gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
- window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
- g_signal_connect(window,"expose-event",
- G_CALLBACK (on_expose_event), NULL);
- g_signal_connect(window,"destroy",
- G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit), NULL);
- gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
- gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window),320,250);
- gtk_widget_set_app_paintable(window, TRUE);
- gtk_widget_show_all(window);
- gtk_main();
- cairo_surface_destroy(image);
- return0;
- }
这个示例显示了一幅图片,其尺寸为 300x225,可从这里下载。这是斯洛伐克西部一个什么地方(Plavecke Podhradie)的中世纪城堡的废墟的一幅照片。
image = cairo_image_surface_create_from_png(
"plaveckycastle.png"
);
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用一幅 png 图片来创建一份图像外观。出于效率的考虑,应在主函数中调用这个函数。
cairo_set_source_surface(cr, image, 10, 10);
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基于前面构造的图像外观来创建源与外观,用于图像的绘制。
cairo_paint(cr);
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绘制图片。
垂帘效果(Blind Down)
在下面的代码示例中,要垂帘显示图片,就像拉下窗帘的那种效果。
- #include <cairo.h>
- #include <gtk/gtk.h>
- gboolean timer = TRUE;
- cairo_surface_t *image;
- staticgboolean
- on_expose_event(GtkWidget *widget,
- GdkEventExpose *event,
- gpointer data)
- {
- cairo_t *cr;
- cairo_t *ic;
- cairo_surface_t *surface;
- staticgdouble angle = 0;
- staticgint image_width = 0;
- staticgint image_height = 0;
- staticgint w = 0;
- staticgint h = 0;
- cr = gdk_cairo_create(widget->window);
- gint width, height;
- gtk_window_get_size(GTK_WINDOW(widget), &width, &height);
- image_width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(image);
- image_height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(image);
- w = image_width;
- surface = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, image_width, image_height);
- ic = cairo_create(surface);
- cairo_rectangle(ic, 0, 0, w, h);
- cairo_fill(ic);
- h += 1;
- if( h == image_height) timer = FALSE;
- cairo_set_source_surface(cr, image, 10, 10);
- cairo_mask_surface(cr, surface, 10, 10);
- cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
- cairo_destroy(cr);
- cairo_destroy(ic);
- returnFALSE;
- }
- staticgboolean
- time_handler(GtkWidget *widget)
- {
- if(widget->window == NULL) returnFALSE;
- if(!timer) returnFALSE;
- gtk_widget_queue_draw(widget);
- returnTRUE;
- }
- int main(int argc,char *argv[])
- {
- GtkWidget *window;
- image = cairo_image_surface_create_from_png("plaveckycastle.png");
- gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
- window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
- g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"expose-event",
- G_CALLBACK(on_expose_event), NULL);
- g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"destroy",
- G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
- gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
- gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 325, 250);
- gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"blind down");
- gtk_widget_set_app_paintable(window, TRUE);
- g_timeout_add(15, (GSourceFunc) time_handler, (gpointer) window);
- gtk_widget_show_all(window);
- gtk_main();
- cairo_surface_destroy(image);
- return0;
- }
这个垂帘效果幕后的思想相当简单。图片的高度是 h 个像素,则可对其逐行进行绘制,直至图片完全显示。
cairo_t *cr;
cairo_t *ic;
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声明两个 cairo 环境,一个与 GtkWindow 相关联,另一个与图片相关联。
surface = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, image_width, image_height);
ic = cairo_create(surface);
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创建一个图像外观,并通过它构造那个与图像相关联的 cairo 环境。
cairo_rectangle(ic, 0, 0, w, h);
cairo_fill(ic);
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在初始的空图像中绘制一个矩形,它在循环显示中会增加 1 个像素的高度。采用这种方式创建的图像在后面要作为蒙板来用。
h += 1;
if
( h == image_height) timer = FALSE;
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整幅图像绘制完毕后,停止计时器。
cairo_set_source_surface(cr, image, 10, 10);
cairo_mask_surface(cr, surface, 10, 10);
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城堡图像被设置为要被绘制的源,并采用 surface 的 alpha 通道作为蒙板来绘制这个源。
光谱效果
将这种效果称为光谱效果,因为作者不知道怎么称呼才好(我感觉叫百叶窗效果更好)。可能你还记得从前的 ZX 光谱计算机,在这种计算机上载入图像时,它就逐渐的被显示出来,下面的示例大致是模仿这种方式。
- #include <cairo.h>
- #include <gtk/gtk.h>
- gboolean timer = TRUE;
- cairo_surface_t *image;
- staticgboolean
- on_expose_event(GtkWidget *widget,
- GdkEventExpose *event,
- gpointer data)
- {
- cairo_t *cr;
- cairo_t *ic;
- cairo_surface_t *surface;
- staticgdouble angle = 0;
- staticgint w = 0;
- staticgint h = 0;
- staticgint image_width = 0;
- staticgint image_height = 0;
- staticgint count = 0;
- cr = gdk_cairo_create(widget->window);
- gint width, height;
- gtk_window_get_size(GTK_WINDOW(widget), &width, &height);
- surface = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, image_width, image_height);
- image_width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(image);
- image_height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(image);
- w = image_width;
- ic = cairo_create(surface);
- gint i, j;
- for(i = 0; i <= image_height; i+=7) {
- for(j=0 ; j < count; j++) {
- cairo_move_to(ic, 0, i+j);
- cairo_line_to(ic, w, i+j);
- }
- }
- count++;
- if( count == 8) timer = FALSE;
- cairo_stroke(ic);
- cairo_set_source_surface(cr, image, 10, 10);
- cairo_mask_surface(cr, surface, 10, 10);
- cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
- cairo_destroy(cr);
- cairo_destroy(ic);
- returnFALSE;
- }
- staticgboolean
- time_handler (GtkWidget *widget)
- {
- if(widget->window == NULL) returnFALSE;
- if(!timer) returnFALSE;
- gtk_widget_queue_draw(widget);
- returnTRUE;
- }
- int main(int argc,char *argv[])
- {
- GtkWidget *window;
- image = cairo_image_surface_create_from_png("plaveckycastle.png");
- gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
- window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
- g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"expose-event",
- G_CALLBACK(on_expose_event), NULL);
- g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"destroy",
- G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
- gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
- gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 325, 250);
- gtk_widget_set_app_paintable(window, TRUE);
- g_timeout_add(400, (GSourceFunc) time_handler, (gpointer) window);
- gtk_widget_show_all(window);
- gtk_main();
- cairo_surface_destroy(image);
- return0;
- }
这个示例的许多细节与上一个示例相似。这次,是将图像分为每 8 行为一个区域。在每次循环中,8 个部分中每个区域增加一个像素高度。通过这种方式创建的图像将再一次作为模板来显示城堡图像。
gint i, j;
for
(i = 0; i <= image_height; i+=7) {
for
(j=0 ; j < count; j++) {
cairo_move_to(ic, 0, i+j);
cairo_line_to(ic, w, i+j);
}
}
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这是该示例的主要逻辑,我们逐渐的将线绘制到各区域。
转自 http://blog.csdn.net/haiwil/article/details/6771811