java学习JDBC

1.加载驱动(以oracle为例子)

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");

2.通过DriverManager连接数据库(返回值为一个Connection对象)

DriverManager.getConnection(url, UserName, password);

3.Statement方法不介绍了，只介绍PerparedStatement，因为效率高，并且防止SQL的注入

PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);

在这里，PreparedStatement的sql语句可以使用占位符？来替代
例如：

PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("insert into Persons values(null,?)");

4.添加数据

//preparedStatement.setString(parameterIndex, x);
preparedStatement.setString(1, “数据”);

5.提交数据

preparedStatement.executeUpdata();
//这里不需要添加参数，因为他已经储存了预编译的SQL语句

6.获取返回值
7.释放资源

tips：对于数据的增删改查，都推荐改成手动提交，若提交失败，可数据回流
例子：

package com.mysqltest.test;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class SqlTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
		//封装成工具类加载驱动
		Connection connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
		//设置为手动提交
		connection.setAutoCommit(false);
		//创建sql语句
		String sql = "insert into Persons values(?,?,?,?,?)";
		//创建对象
		PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
		//传入数据
		preparedStatement.setString(0, "hello");
		preparedStatement.setInt(1, 18);
		preparedStatement.setString(2, "hello");
		preparedStatement.setString(3, "hello");
		preparedStatement.setString(4, "hello");
		try {
			//提交数据
			int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
			connection.commit();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			//数据回滚
			connection.rollback();
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			//关闭资源
			connection.close();
			preparedStatement.close();
		}
	}
}

最开始的加载驱动使用了一个工具类
如下：

package com.mysqltest.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JDBCUtil {
	private static String driver;
	private static String url;
	private static String usernmae;
	private static String password;
	static {
		String dbproperties = "/db.properties";
		//获取属性文件的内容
		Properties properties = new Properties();
		//获取属性文件的流对象
		InputStream inputStream = JDBCUtil.class.getResourceAsStream(dbproperties);
		try {
			//加载属性文件
			properties.load(inputStream);
			//获取参数
			driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
			url = properties.getProperty("url");
			usernmae = properties.getProperty("usename");
			password = properties.getProperty("password");
			//加载驱动
			Class.forName(driver);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	public static Connection getConnection() {
		Connection connection = null;
		try {
			connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, usernmae, password);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return connection;
	}
	
}

重点提示:JDBCUtil.class.getResourceAsStream()这个路径就是src！！！