NSString常用方法总结

个人学习笔记 

NSString 

--常用的替换符-------------- 
%@ NSString实例 
%d,%D,%i 整数 
%u,%U 无符号整数 
%x 将无符号整数以十六进制小写字母显示 
%X 将无符号整数以十六进制大写字母显示 
%f 小数 
%c 字符 
%s C语言字符串 
%% 显示％字符本身

--实例化方法-------------- 
NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] init]; 
NSString *str = [[[NSString alloc] init] autorelease];   

注意：在NSString 中存在自己的实例化和初始化的方法 例如： 

    NSString *str1 = [NSStringstringWithCString:"new String"encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; 

    NSString *str2 = [[NSStringalloc]initWithCString:"new String"encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];

    NSLog(@"str1====%x",str1);

    NSLog(@"str2====%x",str2);

str1和str2两个地址是不相同的。但使用initWithString时内存地址相同。 

--NSStringEncoding 中常用的字符编码---------------- 
     NSASCIIStringEncoding 
     NSUTF8StringEncoding 
     NSUnicodeStringEncoding 

--使用格式创建字符串------------- 
+ (id)stringWithFormat:(NSString *)format... 
- (id)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format... 
例如： 

    NSString *str = @"hello"; 

    NSString *string = [NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%@ world",str]; 

    NSLog(@"string===%@",string);

-------------------------- 
NSRange 

--NSRange的定义 
typedef struct _NSRange 
{ 
     unsigned int location; 
     unsigned int length; 

}NSRange; 

--------------------------- 
字符串连接，插入和删除 
1、连接 
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingString:(NSString *)string; 
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingFormat:(NSString *)format...; //格式化连接字符串
    
     ----------------- 
     NSMutableString的生成 
     NSString   + (id)string;  //生成空字符串的实例 
     + (id)stringWithString:(NSString *)string;     //带自动释放内存 
     - (id)initWithString:(NSString *)string; 
     例如: 
     NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"hello"]; 
2、追加字符串 
     NSMutableString 
     + (void)appendString:(NSString *)string; 

     - (void)appendFormat:(NSString *)format...; 

3、插入字符串 
     NSMutableString 

     + (void)insertString:(NSString *)string atIndex:(unsigned)index; //从index位置插入字符串 

    NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"Mac X"]; 

    [string insertString:@"OS" atIndex:4]; 

    NSLog(@"string==%@",string);

4、删除字符串 
     NSMutableString 
     + (void)deleteCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range; 
     例如： 
     NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"Mac os"]; 

     [string deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRanger(0,1)]; 

5、字符串比较 
     NSString 
     - (BOOL)isEqualToString:(NSString *)string; 

6、判断前置串和后置串(判断是否以给定值开头或结尾，返回布尔值)

     NSString 
     - (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)string; //判断是否前置
     - (BOOL)hasSuffix:(NSString *)string; //后置
     例如: 

    NSString *str1 = @"Mac OS"; 

    NSString *str2 = @"Mac Pro"; 

    BOOL flag1 = [str1 hasPrefix:@"Mac"];  

    BOOL flag2 = [str2 hasSuffix:@"o"];  

    NSLog(@"flag1===%d",flag1);

    NSLog(@"flag2===%d",flag2);

7、 查找字符串，返回区域位置；
  NSString 
     //如果找到就返回范围，否则NSRange的location项被设置为NSNotFound 
     - (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString; 
     - (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString option:(unsigned)mask; 
     - (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString option:(unsigned)mask      range:(NSRange)range;                                                                                        
     －－－－－mask常用选项列表 
     NSCaseInsensitiveSearch          不区分字母大小写 
     NSLiteralSearch          对字符串进行字节单位的比较，一般可提高检索速度 
     NSBackwardsSearch     从范围的末尾开始检索 
     NSAnchoredSearch     仅检索制定范围的前部。忽略字符串中间的检索字符 
     例如： 
    

NSString *str = [[NSStringalloc]initWithString:@"asdfasdfads"];

    NSString *string = [strsubstringWithRange:NSMakeRange(5,2)];

    NSLog(@"string ===%@",string);

8、截取字符串 
     NSString 
     - (NSString *)substringToIndex:(unsigned)index;     //返回字符串开头至index位的字符串 不包含索引位 
     - (NSString *)substringFromIndex:(unsigned)index; //返回字符串第index位至末尾的字符串 包含索引位 
     - (NSString *)substringWithRange:(NSRange)range;     //返回字符串中范围range内的字符串 包含索引位 
     例如： 
     NSString *string = [string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(5,2)]; 
9、读取文本文件 
     NSString 
     + (id)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path usedEncoding:(NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error     //自动释放内存 
    
     - (id)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error 
    
     例如： 
     NSString *string = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:@"/user/test/yw.txt" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error]; 
     if(string){} 
10、输出文本文件 
     NSString 
     - (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error 
     //参数 atomically 暂时将文件保存到辅助文件中 
     //path 
     The file to which to write the receiver. If path contains a tilde (~) character, you must expand it with stringByExpandingTildeInPath  before invoking this method. 
    ----下面是网上找的例子 感谢 @chenshizero 
    //扩展路径 
    NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt"; 
    NSString *absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath]; 
    NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath); 
    NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]); 

    //文件扩展名 
    NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt"; 

    NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]); 

引用：http://keys.iteye.com/blog/1117190