可供学习的站点：一个简单的博客实现
http://www.uncletoo.com/html/application/773.html
上文是一个译文，其中的源代码在laravel4.2中已经无法使用，API函数有了一定的修改，请参考译文的原版blog
http://www.codeheaps.com/php-programming/creating-blog-using-laravel-4-part-4-layout-views/
中的源码
Laravel是一个典型的MVC架构（MODEL, VIEW, CONTROLLER），代码非常漂亮简介。
笔者根据相应的学习资料，打算自己写一个类似的博客，但实现的功能略有不同。
该项目计划完成的功能（暂定）：
实现基本的用户的注册、登陆、邮箱验证功能。
每个用户可以发表以图片为内容的主题，可以描述题目和内容。
每个主题可以被任意多个用户评论。
管理员可以对用户、主题、评论进行操作和维护。
第一步（安装）：
1、安装Laravel 4。具体步骤及命令参考这里
第二部（配置）：
1.笔者使用的php环境是XAMPP，用mysql先建一个名为piclist的database，直接在XAMPP Control Panel点击MySQL的admin选项即可手动配置数据库相关的事项。
2.进入网站根目录，进入app/config。
#app.php修改如key，dubug选项，时区等配置
<?php
return array(
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Application Debug Mode
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| When your application is in debug mode, detailed error messages with
| stack traces will be shown on every error that occurs within your
| application. If disabled, a simple generic error page is shown.
|
*/
'debug' => true,
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Application URL
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This URL is used by the console to properly generate URLs when using
| the Artisan command line tool. You should set this to the root of
| your application so that it is used when running Artisan tasks.
|
*/
'url' => 'http://localhost/',
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Application Timezone
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here you may specify the default timezone for your application, which
| will be used by the PHP date and date-time functions. We have gone
| ahead and set this to a sensible default for you out of the box.
|
*/
'timezone' => 'Asia/Shanghai',
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Application Locale Configuration
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| The application locale determines the default locale that will be used
| by the translation service provider. You are free to set this value
| to any of the locales which will be supported by the application.
|
*/
'locale' => 'en',
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Application Fallback Locale
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| The fallback locale determines the locale to use when the current one
| is not available. You may change the value to correspond to any of
| the language folders that are provided through your application.
|
*/
'fallback_locale' => 'en',
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Encryption Key
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This key is used by the Illuminate encrypter service and should be set
| to a random, 32 character string, otherwise these encrypted strings
| will not be safe. Please do this before deploying an application!
|
*/
'key' => 'Ov!WhEvJUCcoN!f3K6pQE7FzZJ$yDA#s',
'cipher' => MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128,
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Autoloaded Service Providers
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| The service providers listed here will be automatically loaded on the
| request to your application. Feel free to add your own services to
| this array to grant expanded functionality to your applications.
|
*/
'providers' => array(
'Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ArtisanServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Cache\CacheServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Session\CommandsServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ConsoleSupportServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Routing\ControllerServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Cookie\CookieServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Database\DatabaseServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Encryption\EncryptionServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Hashing\HashServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Html\HtmlServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Log\LogServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Mail\MailServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Database\MigrationServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Pagination\PaginationServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Queue\QueueServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Redis\RedisServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Remote\RemoteServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Auth\Reminders\ReminderServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Database\SeedServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Session\SessionServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Validation\ValidationServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\View\ViewServiceProvider',
'Illuminate\Workbench\WorkbenchServiceProvider',
),
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Service Provider Manifest
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| The service provider manifest is used by Laravel to lazy load service
| providers which are not needed for each request, as well to keep a
| list of all of the services. Here, you may set its storage spot.
|
*/
'manifest' => storage_path().'/meta',
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Class Aliases
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This array of class aliases will be registered when this application
| is started. However, feel free to register as many as you wish as
| the aliases are "lazy" loaded so they don't hinder performance.
|
*/
'aliases' => array(
'App' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\App',
'Artisan' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan',
'Auth' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth',
'Blade' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade',
'Cache' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache',
'ClassLoader' => 'Illuminate\Support\ClassLoader',
'Config' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Config',
'Controller' => 'Illuminate\Routing\Controller',
'Cookie' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cookie',
'Crypt' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt',
'DB' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB',
'Eloquent' => 'Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model',
'Event' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event',
'File' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\File',
'Form' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Form',
'Hash' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash',
'HTML' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\HTML',
'Input' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Input',
'Lang' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Lang',
'Log' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log',
'Mail' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail',
'Paginator' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Paginator',
'Password' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password',
'Queue' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue',
'Redirect' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redirect',
'Redis' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis',
'Request' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Request',
'Response' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Response',
'Route' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route',
'Schema' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema',
'Seeder' => 'Illuminate\Database\Seeder',
'Session' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Session',
'SoftDeletingTrait' => 'Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletingTrait',
'SSH' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\SSH',
'Str' => 'Illuminate\Support\Str',
'URL' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\URL',
'Validator' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator',
'View' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\View',
),
);
#database.php这里修改默认的数据库连接以及连接属性。这里选用mysql，以及默认的数据库是我们刚刚手动新建的piclist，用户名密码为自己mysql的配置，笔者的mysql仅为测试用，所以为无密码的root账户。
<?php
return array(
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| PDO Fetch Style
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| By default, database results will be returned as instances of the PHP
| stdClass object; however, you may desire to retrieve records in an
| array format for simplicity. Here you can tweak the fetch style.
|
*/
'fetch' => PDO::FETCH_CLASS,
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Default Database Connection Name
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here you may specify which of the database connections below you wish
| to use as your default connection for all database work. Of course
| you may use many connections at once using the Database library.
|
*/
'default' => 'mysql',
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Database Connections
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here are each of the database connections setup for your application.
| Of course, examples of configuring each database platform that is
| supported by Laravel is shown below to make development simple.
|
|
| All database work in Laravel is done through the PHP PDO facilities
| so make sure you have the driver for your particular database of
| choice installed on your machine before you begin development.
|
*/
'connections' => array(
'sqlite' => array(
'driver' => 'sqlite',
'database' => __DIR__.'/../database/production.sqlite',
'prefix' => '',
),
'mysql' => array(
'driver' => 'mysql',
'host' => 'localhost',
'database' => 'piclist',
'username' => 'root',
'password' => '',
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
'prefix' => '',
),
'pgsql' => array(
'driver' => 'pgsql',
'host' => 'localhost',
'database' => 'forge',
'username' => 'forge',
'password' => '',
'charset' => 'utf8',
'prefix' => '',
'schema' => 'public',
),
'sqlsrv' => array(
'driver' => 'sqlsrv',
'host' => 'localhost',
'database' => 'database',
'username' => 'root',
'password' => '',
'prefix' => '',
),
),
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Migration Repository Table
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This table keeps track of all the migrations that have already run for
| your application. Using this information, we can determine which of
| the migrations on disk haven't actually been run in the database.
|
*/
'migrations' => 'migrations',
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Redis Databases
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Redis is an open source, fast, and advanced key-value store that also
| provides a richer set of commands than a typical key-value systems
| such as APC or Memcached. Laravel makes it easy to dig right in.
|
*/
'redis' => array(
'cluster' => false,
'default' => array(
'host' => '127.0.0.1',
'port' => 6379,
'database' => 0,
),
),
);
关于数据库表的建立，这里不使用手动建立的方法了，laravel提供了强大的数据库版本管理功能，不但可以以php语言简单地实现数据库建表工作，还可以通过数据库迁移，明确了数据库版本更新的规则，给未来回滚或者重置提供了方法。
在cmd（windows系统下）中，运行php artisan migrate:make create_tablename_table，tablename是所要建立的表名，这里运行三个命令，我们的博客需要建立三张表：
>php artisan migrate:make create_users_table
>php artisan migrate:make create_pictures_table
>php artisan migrate:make create_comments_table这时候进入app\database\migrations，会发现带上了时间戳和表名的三个php文件。
接下来，我们就要在这三个文件书写我们的建表规定，为了满足我们的需求，需要的建表语言如下：
1#......xxxx_xx_xx_xxxxxx_create_users_table.php这里定义我们要创建的用户数据表,数据库相关的内容都可以在laravel mannual中找到，多读文档对编写代码非常有帮助。
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
class CreateUsersTable extends Migration {
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('username');
$table->string('password');
$table->string('email');
$table->string('remember_token');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->drop();
});
}
}
2#......xxxx_xx_xx_xxxxxx_create_pictures_table.php这里定义我们的图片表，图片是该博客的主内容，它由唯一一个用户所发，可被任意多个用户评论，$table->binary()函数可以指定一个mysql中blob类型的项，用它可以存储图片数据（此处已修改，不直接存储图片到数据库，而是存图片的路径）。
当一个新图片被上传时，首先在服务端以时间戳和文件名为信息唯一创建一个图片文件，将它的路径存入数据库，放置了数据库端的大量读写。
图片作为一个主题，支持全局搜索，可以搜索标题或者描述中出现的词。
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
class CreatePicturesTable extends Migration {
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('pictures', function(Blueprint $table){
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('title');
$table->text('description');
$table->binary('image');
$table->unsignedInteger('user_id');
$table->unsignedInteger('comment_count');
$table->timestamps();
$table->engine = 'MyISAM';
});
DB::statement('ALTER TABLE pictures ADD FULLTEXT search(title, description)');
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::table('pictures', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->dropIndex('search');
$table->drop();
});
}
}
3#......xxxx_xx_xx_xxxxxx_create_comments_table.php这是我们的评论表单，它由唯一一个用户发出，评论在唯一一张图片下，设计相对比较简单。
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
class CreateCommentsTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('comments', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->unsignedInteger('picture_id');
$table->string('commenter');
$table->string('email');
$table->text('comment');
$table->boolean('approved');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::drop('comments');
}
}
编辑并保存好这三个文件后，我们已经完成了对数据表创建的描述，接下来就要把这些描述应用在我们的MySQL数据库上了，在命令行输入：
php artisan migrate（注：每当我们需要对数据库的结构进行改变，就可以使用artisan命令创建一个迁移文件，定义我们的迁移过程，比如新建属性，修改表名等等，然后应用迁移命令进行数据库结构的改变，这样的习惯有助于当我们需要回滚数据库的历史版本时，可以更方便地操作和维护，具体可以参看laravel手册）
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