说起阿里云OSS,那作用和功能都是非常强大的,它可以存放图片,音频,视频等资源文件,这些资源文件,你不必存放到服务器的硬盘里,这样既可以节省服务器硬盘空间,又可以降低服务器的读写压力,非常适合大并发的架构。
这里就让小编带你入门吧!
一,准备工作
无论怎么样,你需要准备一个阿里云账号,点击:注册阿里云
输入相关信息,然后注册成功以后,点击
然后注册成功了,实名一下阿里云账号。打开实名入口,选择个人实名或者企业实名。
如果你是个人用户,则建议你使用个人实名,如果你是企业用户,则建议你使用企业实名,这里要注意一下,个人实名的阿里云账号,在消费后,是无法索取企业发票的。
二,选择OSS的配置
如果你打算存100G的视频或者音频,那么你接下来点击:OSS选择配置入口
选择:OSS资源包,资源包类型:标准-本地冗余存储,地域:中国内地通用,本地冗余存储规格选择:100GB。然后,直接点击:立即购买即可。
三,管理桶
3.1,创建桶
打开OSS桶管理
点击:创建Bucket
选择:存储类型,存储冗余类型,读写权限
就可以创建一个桶了。
3.2,删除桶中的文件
选中,想要删除的文件,点击删除。即可
3.3,上传文件
选择要上传的文件,点击文件上传
四,配置域名
一般来说,我们的项目需要单独解析个子域名到,阿里云的OSS,在OSS的桶详情里,有个Bucket 配置,点击:域名管理,
点击:绑定域名
输入:域名,并点击:自动添加 CNAME 记录
这样就可以添加个单独的域名。
五,配置CDN
打开OOS桶-》Bucket 配置-》域名管理
点击:阿里云CDN加速配置
添加了域名之后,
在去域名那边,添加解析。然后点击:点击验证
然后系统会自动设置源站信息,
然后点击:一键配置
在然后按照指示添加一个:CNAME解析
这样阿里云OSS添加了CDN加速。
接下来开启,CDN缓存自动刷新,和OSS接口动作同步,比如通过接口上传了个文件到OSS里。
CDN缓存自动刷新配置完成
如果域名是走HTTPS的,则在证书托管板块,上传SSL证书的公钥和私钥。
六,使用代码对接OSS
准备访问密钥AcessKey:AK,用户通过用户标识AccessKeyId和密钥AccessKeySecret对称加密的方式进行身份验证,可以由Bucket创建者和Bucket授权者创建
在阿里云的后台创建获取
接下来我以Java为例,来讲解
6.1,Java简单上传
import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectRequest;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
// 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
String bucketName = "examplebucket";
// 填写Object完整路径,完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。
String objectName = "exampledir/exampleobject.txt";
// 创建OSSClient实例。
OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);
try {
// 填写字符串。
String content = "Hello OSS,你好世界";
// 创建PutObjectRequest对象。
PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()));
// 如果需要上传时设置存储类型和访问权限,请参考以下示例代码。
// ObjectMetadata metadata = new ObjectMetadata();
// metadata.setHeader(OSSHeaders.OSS_STORAGE_CLASS, StorageClass.Standard.toString());
// metadata.setObjectAcl(CannedAccessControlList.Private);
// putObjectRequest.setMetadata(metadata);
// 上传字符串。
PutObjectResult result = ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest);
} catch (OSSException oe) {
System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
} catch (ClientException ce) {
System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
+ "such as not being able to access the network.");
System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
} finally {
if (ossClient != null) {
ossClient.shutdown();
}
}
}
}
6.2,Java表单上传
import com.aliyun.oss.common.utils.BinaryUtil;
import com.aliyun.oss.internal.OSSUtils;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.Callback;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import javax.activation.MimetypesFileTypeMap;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
public class PostObjectSample {
// 填写待上传的本地文件的完整路径。
private String localFilePath = "yourLocalFile";
// Endpoint以杭州为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
private String endpoint = "http://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
// 阿里云账号AccessKey拥有所有API的访问权限,风险很高。强烈建议您创建并使用RAM用户进行API访问或日常运维,请登录RAM控制台创建RAM用户。
String accessKeyId = System.getenv("OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID");
String accessKeySecret = System.getenv("OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET");
// 填写Bucket名称。
private String bucketName = "yourBucketName";
// 填写不包含Bucket名称在内的Object的完整路径。
private String objectName = "yourObjectName";
// 设置回调服务器地址,例如http://oss-demo.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com:23450或http://127.0.0.1:9090。
private String callbackServerUrl = "yourCallbackServerUrl";
// 设置回调请求消息头中Host的值,例如oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com。
private String callbackServerHost = "yourCallbackServerHost";
/**
* 表单上传。
* @throws Exception
*/
private void PostObject() throws Exception {
// 在URL中添加Bucket名称,添加后URL格式为http://yourBucketName.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com。
String urlStr = endpoint.replace("http://", "http://" + bucketName+ ".");
// 设置表单Map。
Map<String, String> formFields = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
// 设置文件名称。
formFields.put("key", this.objectName);
// 设置Content-Disposition。
formFields.put("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="
+ localFilePath);
// 设置回调参数。
// Callback callback = new Callback();
// 设置回调服务器地址,例如http://oss-demo.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com:23450或http://127.0.0.1:9090。
// callback.setCallbackUrl(callbackServerUrl);
// 设置回调请求消息头中Host的值,如oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com。
// callback.setCallbackHost(callbackServerHost);
// 设置发起回调时请求Body的值。
// callback.setCallbackBody("{\\\"mimeType\\\":${mimeType},\\\"size\\\":${size}}");
// 设置发起回调请求的Content-Type。
// callback.setCalbackBodyType(Callback.CalbackBodyType.JSON);
// 设置发起回调请求的自定义参数,由Key和Value组成,Key必须以x:开始,且必须小写。
// callback.addCallbackVar("x:var1", "value1");
// callback.addCallbackVar("x:var2", "value2");
// 在表单Map中设置回调参数。
// setCallBack(formFields, callback);
// 设置OSSAccessKeyId。
formFields.put("OSSAccessKeyId", accessKeyId);
String policy = "{\"expiration\": \"2120-01-01T12:00:00.000Z\",\"conditions\": [[\"content-length-range\", 0, 104857600]]}";
String encodePolicy = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(policy.getBytes()));
// 设置policy。
formFields.put("policy", encodePolicy);
// 生成签名。
String signaturecom = com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.ServiceSignature.create().computeSignature(accessKeySecret, encodePolicy);
// 设置签名。
formFields.put("Signature", signaturecom);
String ret = formUpload(urlStr, formFields, localFilePath);
System.out.println("Post Object [" + this.objectName + "] to bucket [" + bucketName + "]");
System.out.println("post reponse:" + ret);
}
private static String formUpload(String urlStr, Map<String, String> formFields, String localFile)
throws Exception {
String res = "";
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
String boundary = "9431149156168";
try {
URL url = new URL(urlStr);
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setReadTimeout(30000);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.6)");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
"multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
OutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
// 遍历读取表单Map中的数据,将数据写入到输出流中。
if (formFields != null) {
StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iter = formFields.entrySet().iterator();
int i = 0;
while (iter.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<String, String> entry = iter.next();
String inputName = entry.getKey();
String inputValue = entry.getValue();
if (inputValue == null) {
continue;
}
if (i == 0) {
strBuf.append("--").append(boundary).append("\r\n");
strBuf.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\""
+ inputName + "\"\r\n\r\n");
strBuf.append(inputValue);
} else {
strBuf.append("\r\n").append("--").append(boundary).append("\r\n");
strBuf.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\""
+ inputName + "\"\r\n\r\n");
strBuf.append(inputValue);
}
i++;
}
out.write(strBuf.toString().getBytes());
}
// 读取文件信息,将要上传的文件写入到输出流中。
File file = new File(localFile);
String filename = file.getName();
String contentType = new MimetypesFileTypeMap().getContentType(file);
if (contentType == null || contentType.equals("")) {
contentType = "application/octet-stream";
}
StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
strBuf.append("\r\n").append("--").append(boundary)
.append("\r\n");
strBuf.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; "
+ "filename=\"" + filename + "\"\r\n");
strBuf.append("Content-Type: " + contentType + "\r\n\r\n");
out.write(strBuf.toString().getBytes());
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
int bytes = 0;
byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024];
while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) {
out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes);
}
in.close();
byte[] endData = ("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n").getBytes();
out.write(endData);
out.flush();
out.close();
// 读取返回数据。
strBuf = new StringBuffer();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
strBuf.append(line).append("\n");
}
res = strBuf.toString();
reader.close();
reader = null;
} catch (ClientException e) {
System.err.println("Send post request exception: " + e);
System.err.println(e.getErrorCode()+" msg="+e.getMessage());
throw e;
} finally {
if (conn != null) {
conn.disconnect();
conn = null;
}
}
return res;
}
private static void setCallBack(Map<String, String> formFields, Callback callback) {
if (callback != null) {
String jsonCb = OSSUtils.jsonizeCallback(callback);
String base64Cb = BinaryUtil.toBase64String(jsonCb.getBytes());
formFields.put("callback", base64Cb);
if (callback.hasCallbackVar()) {
Map<String, String> varMap = callback.getCallbackVar();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : varMap.entrySet()) {
formFields.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
PostObjectSample ossPostObject = new PostObjectSample();
ossPostObject.PostObject();
}
}
6.3,Java下载到本地文件
package com.aliyun.oss.demo;
import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.GetObjectRequest;
import java.io.File;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
//从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
// 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
String bucketName = "examplebucket";
// 填写不包含Bucket名称在内的Object完整路径,例如testfolder/exampleobject.txt。
String objectName = "testfolder/exampleobject.txt";
// 填写Object下载到本地的完整路径。
String pathName = "D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt";
// 创建OSSClient实例。
OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);
try {
// 下载Object到本地文件,并保存到指定的本地路径中。如果指定的本地文件存在会覆盖,不存在则新建。
// 如果未指定本地路径,则下载后的文件默认保存到示例程序所属项目对应本地路径中。
ossClient.getObject(new GetObjectRequest(bucketName, objectName), new File(pathName));
} catch (OSSException oe) {
System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
} catch (ClientException ce) {
System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
+ "such as not being able to access the network.");
System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
} finally {
if (ossClient != null) {
ossClient.shutdown();
}
}
}
}
6.4,Java删除文件
import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
// 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
String bucketName = "examplebucket";
// 填写文件完整路径。文件完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。
String objectName = "exampleobject.txt";
// 创建OSSClient实例。
OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);
try {
// 删除文件或目录。如果要删除目录,目录必须为空。
ossClient.deleteObject(bucketName, objectName);
} catch (OSSException oe) {
System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
} catch (ClientException ce) {
System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
+ "such as not being able to access the network.");
System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
} finally {
if (ossClient != null) {
ossClient.shutdown();
}
}
}
}
6.5,批量删除文件
import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.DeleteObjectsRequest;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.DeleteObjectsResult;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
// 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
String bucketName = "examplebucket";
// 创建OSSClient实例。
OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);
try {
// 删除文件。
// 填写需要删除的多个文件完整路径。文件完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。
List<String> keys = new ArrayList<String>();
keys.add("exampleobjecta.txt");
keys.add("testfolder/sampleobject.txt");
keys.add("exampleobjectb.txt");
DeleteObjectsResult deleteObjectsResult = ossClient.deleteObjects(new DeleteObjectsRequest(bucketName).withKeys(keys).withEncodingType("url"));
List<String> deletedObjects = deleteObjectsResult.getDeletedObjects();
try {
for(String obj : deletedObjects) {
String deleteObj = URLDecoder.decode(obj, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(deleteObj);
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (OSSException oe) {
System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
} catch (ClientException ce) {
System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
+ "such as not being able to access the network.");
System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
} finally {
if (ossClient != null) {
ossClient.shutdown();
}
}
}
}