文件下载功能是web开发中经常使用到的功能,使用HttpServletResponse对象就可以实现文件的下载
一、文件下载功能的实现思路:
(1)获取要下载的文件的绝对路径
(2)获取要下载的文件名
(3)设置content-disposition响应头控制浏览器以下载的形式打开文件
(4)获取要下载的文件输入流
(5)创建数据缓冲区
(6)通过response对象获取OutputStream流
(7)将FileInputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
(8)使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端浏览器
二、工程树:
三、代码:
/**
* 1.ServletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/download/1.png")是用来获取服务器上的某个资源,
* 那么这个"/"就是给服务器用的,"/"此时代表的就是web工程
* ServletContext.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/download/1.png")表示的就是读取web工程下的download文件夹中的1.png这个资源
* 只要明白了"/"代表的具体含义,就可以很快写出要访问的web资源的绝对路径
*/
this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/download/1.png");
package com.servlet.study;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ResponseD extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
downloadFileByOutputStream(response);//下载文件,通过OutputStream流
}
/**
* 下载文件,通过OutputStream流
* @param response
* @throws FileNotFoundException
* @throws IOException
*/
private void downloadFileByOutputStream(HttpServletResponse response)
throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
//1.获取要下载的文件的绝对路径
String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/download/1.png");
//2.获取要下载的文件名
String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
//3.设置content-disposition响应头控制浏览器以下载的形式打开文件
response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename="+fileName);
//4.获取要下载的文件输入流
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
int len = 0;
//5.创建数据缓冲区
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//6.通过response对象获取OutputStream流
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
//7.将FileInputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
//8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端浏览器
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
in.close();
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
四、运行结果:
PS:
使用Response实现中文文件下载:
下载中文文件时,需要注意的地方就是中文文件名要使用URLEncoder.encode方法进行编码(URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "字符编码")),否则会出现文件名乱码。
代码:
package com.servlet.study;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ResponseD extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
downloadFileByOutputStream(response);//下载文件,通过OutputStream流
}
/**
* 下载文件,通过OutputStream流
* @param response
* @throws FileNotFoundException
* @throws IOException
*/
private void downloadFileByOutputStream(HttpServletResponse response)
throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
//1.获取要下载的文件的绝对路径
String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/download/顶顶顶顶顶.png");//获取要下载的文件的绝对路径
//2.获取要下载的文件名
String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
//3.设置content-disposition响应头控制浏览器以下载的形式打开文件,中文文件名要使用URLEncoder.encode方法进行编码,否则会出现文件名乱码
response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));
//4.获取要下载的文件输入流
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
int len = 0;
//5.创建数据缓冲区
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//6.通过response对象获取OutputStream流
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
//7.将FileInputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
//8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端浏览器
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
in.close();
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
运行结果: