shiro权限框架
- shiro主要的组件:
- SecurityManager:典型的Facade模式(该模式为子系统的各个类或方法提供一个简明一致的界面,隐藏子系统的复杂性,使子系统更加容易使用。)是Authenticator + Authorizer + SesssionFactory + CacheManager
- Authenticator:登录认证,进行用户名和密码的匹配。
- Authorizer:授权,即权限验证,验证某个已经通过认证(登录过的人)是否拥有某个权限。验证某个用户是否有相应的角色(管理员,普通人员等,这是粗粒度的验证),还可验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有权限(比如对删除按钮执行权的权限)。
- SessionManager:会话管理,用户登录后就是一次会话,相当于JavaWeb中的Session。但是此处的Session既可在JavaSE下使用也可用在JavaWeb中。
- Cryptography:密码加密。
- Caching:缓存,用户登录后,其拥有的角色或权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率。
- Concurrency:shiro支持多线程应用的并发执行,即如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动传播过去。
- Remember Me:记住无,这是个非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话就不用登录了。
shiro安全模型(subject–>SecurityManage–>Realm)
- shiro安全模型
- Subject:安全领域术语,除了代表人还可以是其他任何和当前应用交互的东西。手机号,邮箱登录等都可看作是subject。所有Subject都绑定到SecurityManager,与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager,SecurityManager才是真正的执行者。
- SecurityManager:shiro的核心,它负责和其他组件交互。
- Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据(如用户、角色、权限),SecurityManager要验证用户身份,那么他需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较以确定用户身份是否合法;从Realm中进行和数据库交互,得到相应的数据。
shiro身份认证流程
- 认证流程
- 1. 首先调用Subject.login(Token)进行登录,其会自动委托给SecurityManage,调用之前必须通过SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager()设置;
- 2. SecurityManager负责真正的身份验证逻辑;它会委托给Authenticator进行什么验证;
- 3. Authenticatoe才是真正的身份验证者,Shiro API中核心的身份认证入口点,此处可以自定义插入自己的实现;
- 4. Authenticator可能会委托给相应的AuthenticationStrategy进行多Realm身份验证,默认ModularRealmAuthenticator会调用AuthenticationStrategy进行多Realm身份验证;
- 5. Authenticator会把相应的token传入Relam,从Realm获取什么验证信息,如果没有返回/抛出异常表示什么验证失败了,此处可以配置多个Realm,将按照相应的顺序及策略进行访问。
代码实现登录认证和权限认证
- 数据表设计:用户表,角色表,权限表,用户角色表,角色权限表
--用户表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `a_user`;
CREATE TABLE `a_user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL,
`age` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`gender` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`mail` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`tel` varchar(11) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`image` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`limits` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `username` (`username`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=45 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
--角色表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;
CREATE TABLE `role` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(60) NOT NULL,
`type` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--权限表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `permission`;
CREATE TABLE `permission` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`url` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--用户角色表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `user_role` (
`uid` varchar(11) NOT NULL,
`rid` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`uid`,`rid`),
KEY `kd_roleId` (`rid`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_userId` FOREIGN KEY (`uid`) REFERENCES `a_user` (`username`) ON DELETE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT `kd_roleId` FOREIGN KEY (`rid`) REFERENCES `role` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--角色权限表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role_permission`;
CREATE TABLE `role_permission` (
`rid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`pid` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`rid`,`pid`),
KEY `fk_permisssionId` (`pid`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_permisssionId` FOREIGN KEY (`pid`) REFERENCES `permission` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT `fk_roleId` FOREIGN KEY (`rid`) REFERENCES `role` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
2. web.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 配置log4j -->
<context-param>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 60秒检测日志配置 文件变化 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>
<param-value>60000</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--配置shiroFilter,让其过滤所有的url请求。-->
<filter>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
<init-param>
<!-- 该值缺省为false,表示生命周期由SpringApplicationContext管理,设置为true则表示由ServletContainer管理 -->
<param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<description>spring监听器</description>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 防止spring内存溢出监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- SpringMVC核心分发器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3. 配置applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
<!-- springMvc的配置 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- 开启注解配置Controller -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itdage.*"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置viewResolver -->
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!-- Mybatis的配置 -->
<import resource="classpath:mybatisConfig.xml"/>
<!-- shiro的配置 -->
<import resource="classpath:shiroConfig.xml"/>
</beans>
4. 配置shiroConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
<!--shiro默认会使用Servlet容器的Session,可通过sessionMode属性来指定使用Shiro原生Session-->
<!--这里主要是设置自定义的单Realm应用,若有多个Realm可使用realms属性来替代 -->
<bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager">
<property name="realm" ref="myRealm" />
<!-- 使用配置的缓存管理器 -->
<property name="cacheManager" ref="cacheManager"></property>
<!-- 会话管理 -->
<property name="sessionManager" ref="sessionManager" />
</bean>
<bean id="cacheManager" class="org.apache.shiro.cache.MemoryConstrainedCacheManager" />
<bean id="sessionManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.session.mgt.DefaultWebSessionManager">
<!-- session的失效时长,单位毫秒 -->
<property name="globalSessionTimeout" value="600000"/>
<!-- 删除失效的session -->
<property name="deleteInvalidSessions" value="true"/>
</bean>
<!--自己定义的Realm -->
<bean id="myRealm" class="com.itdage.realms.ShiroDbRealm">
<!-- <property name="credentialsMatcher">
<bean class="org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.HashedCredentialsMatcher">
<property name="hashAlgorithmName" value="MD5"></property>
</bean>
</property>-->
</bean>
<bean id="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor" />
<!--开启shiro的注解(如@RequiresRoles,@RequiresPermissions),需借助SpringAOP扫描Shiro注解的类 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator"
depends-on="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean
class="org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor">
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager" />
</bean>
<!-- 启用shiro授权注解拦截方式 -->
<!--Shiro主过滤器本身功能十分强大,其强大之处就在于它支持任何基于URL路径表达式的、自定义的过滤器的执行 -->
<!--Web应用中,Shiro可控制的Web请求必须经过Shiro主过滤器的拦截,Shiro对基于Spring的Web应用提供了完美的支持
这里id的名字必须和web.xml中配置的一样,否则启动报错 -->
<bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
<!-- 装配securityManager,这个属性是必须的 -->
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager" />
<!-- 配置登录页,非必须属性,默认会自动寻找Web工程根目录下的/login.jsp页面 -->
<property name="loginUrl" value="/login.jsp" />
<!-- 配置登录成功后的页面,可以不写,登录成功后在Controller中已经指定了 -->
<property name="successUrl" value="/list.jsp" />
<property name="unauthorizedUrl" value="/unauthorized.jsp" />
<!--下面value值得第一个'/'代表的路径是相对于HttpServletRequest.getContextPath()的值来的 -->
<!--anon:可以被匿名访问 -->
<!--authc:必须认证(登录)后才能访问 -->
<!--格式:url=拦截器[参数],拦截器[参数]
url模式使用Ant风格模式:Ant路径通配符支持?、*、**通配符不包括分隔符"/"
-?:匹配一个字符: 如/admin?将匹配/admin1,但不匹配/admin或/admin/
-*:匹配0或多个字符串,如/admin*将匹配/admin、/admin123但不匹配/admin/123
-**:匹配路径中的0或多个路径,如/admin/**将匹配/admin/a或/admin/a/b
-->
<!--URL权限采取第一次匹配优先的方式,即从头开始使用第一个匹配url模式的拦截器链
如: /bb/** = filter1
/bb/aa = filter2
/** = filter3
如果请求的url是/bb/aa,因为按照声明顺序进行匹配,那么将使用filter1进行拦截。
-->
<property name="filterChainDefinitions">
<value>
<!-- 静态资源允许访问 -->
<!-- 登录页允许访问 -->
/login.jsp = anon
/test/login = anon
/logout = logout
<!-- 其他资源都需要认证 -->
/** = authc
</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
5. Java代码
//验证登录的Controller
package com.itdage.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.annotation.RequiresPermissions;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import com.itdage.entity.User;
import com.itdage.serviceImpl.UserServiceImpl;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class ShiroLogin {
/**
* 验证登录
* @param user
* @param request
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String login(User user, HttpServletRequest request){
if(isRelogin(user)){
//已经登录过了,跳转到fail.jsp页面
return "fail";
}
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("successMsg", "登录成功!");
return shiroLogin(user);
}
/**
* 判断用户是否已经登录
* @param user
* @return
*/
public boolean isRelogin(User user){
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if(subject.isAuthenticated()){
return true; //参数未改变,无需重新登录,默认为已登录成功
}
return false;
}
/**
* 利用shiro进行登录
* @param user
* @return
*/
public String shiroLogin(User user){
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword().toCharArray(), null);
token.setRememberMe(true);
try{
SecurityUtils.getSubject().login(token);
}catch(UnknownAccountException e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
return "用户不存在或密码不正确1";
}catch(IncorrectCredentialsException e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
return "用户名或密码不正确2";
}catch(AuthenticationException e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
return e.getMessage();
}
return "redirect:/list.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping("/logout")
public void logout(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if(subject != null){
try{
subject.logout();
System.out.println("用户退出");
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("退出异常");
}
}
response.sendRedirect("/shiro-web3/login.jsp");
}
}
//自定义的Realm
package com.itdage.realms;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.itdage.entity.Permission;
import com.itdage.entity.Role;
import com.itdage.entity.User;
import com.itdage.serviceImpl.UserServiceImpl;
public class ShiroDbRealm extends AuthorizingRealm{
@Autowired
private UserServiceImpl userService;
/*
* 授权
* 授权查询回调函数,进行权限鉴定但缓存中无用户的授权信息时回调,负责在应用程序中决定用户的访问控制的方法。
*/
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(
PrincipalCollection principals) {
String username = (String) principals.getPrimaryPrincipal();
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
List roleList = userService.getRole(user);
if(roleList != null){
for (Role role : roleList) {
List permissions = userService.getPermissions(role.getName());
for (Permission permission2 : permissions) {
authorizationInfo.addStringPermission(permission2.getUrl());
}
authorizationInfo.addRole(role.getName());
}
return authorizationInfo;
}
return null;
}
/*
* 验证登录
* 认证回调函数,登录信息和用户验证信息验证
*/
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(
AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
User userLogin = tokenToUser((UsernamePasswordToken)token);
User user = userService.login(userLogin);
if(user == null){
return null;//异常处理,找不到数据
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(userLogin.getUsername(), userLogin.getPassword(), getName());
}
private User tokenToUser(UsernamePasswordToken token) {
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(token.getUsername());
user.setPassword(String.valueOf(token.getPassword()));
return user;
}
}
//DAO层
package com.itdage.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.itdage.entity.Permission;
import com.itdage.entity.Role;
import com.itdage.entity.User;
@Repository
public interface UserDao {
public User login(User user);
public List getRole(User user);
public List getPermissions(String role);
}