java深copy和浅copy

浅拷贝：使用一个已知实例对新创建实例的成员变量逐个赋值，这个方式被称为浅拷贝。
深拷贝：当一个类的拷贝构造方法，不仅要复制对象的所有非引用成员变量值，还要为引用类型的成员变量创建新的实例，并且初始化为形式参数实例值。这个方式称为深拷贝.

也就是说浅拷贝只复制一个对象，传递引用，不能复制实例。而深拷贝对对象内部的引用均复制，它是创建一个新的实例，并且复制实例。

想要实现copy功能，必须要implments Cloneable 接口，重写Object.clone()方法。

public class CloneTest {
    @Test
    public void test_shallow() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        UserShallow u1 = new UserShallow(1, "aa",new Date());
        UserShallow u2 = (UserShallow) u1.clone();
        System.out.println(u1 == u2); //false
        System.out.println(u1.equals(u2)); //false
        System.out.println(u1.birth == u2.birth); //true
        System.out.println(u1.birth.equals(u2.birth));//true
    }

    @Test
    public void test_deep() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        UserDeep u1 = new UserDeep(1, "aa",new Date());
        UserDeep u2 = (UserDeep) u1.clone();
        System.out.println(u1 == u2); //false
        System.out.println(u1.equals(u2)); //false
        System.out.println(u1.birth == u2.birth); //false
        System.out.println(u1.birth.equals(u2.birth)); //true
    }
}

//浅copy
class UserShallow implements Cloneable{
    public int age;
    public String name;
    public Date birth;

    public UserShallow(int age, String name, Date birth) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        UserShallow u = (UserShallow) super.clone();
        return u;
    }
}

//深copy
class UserDeep implements Cloneable {
    public int age;
    public String name;
    public Date birth;

    public UserDeep(int age, String name, Date birth) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        UserDeep u = (UserDeep) super.clone();
        u.birth = (Date) this.birth.clone(); //java.util.Date实现了Cloneable
    // u.name = this.name.clone();  //String 没有重写clone
        return u;
    }
}

总结：无论浅copy还是深copy, u1 != u2 ，且u1.equals(u2) == false,它们已经是两个对象了(因为没有重写.equals()方法)。