基于XML配置的方式实现

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 23:27:09 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/it_wxw/article/details/122114916

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基于XML配置的方式实现

1. 基本使用

1.1 添加Spring依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.17.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

1.2 添加Spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
       
</beans>

1.3 注册Bean

将需要被IoC容器管理的对象通过标签来注册

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
       
    <!--  添加需要被容器管理的内容-->
    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" />
</beans>

1.4 从IoC容器中获取对象

/**
  * IoC的方式获取 UserBean 对象
  */
@Test
public void fun2(){
    // 1.IoC容器的初始化操作 调用UserBean中无参构造器创建对象
    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    // 2.从容器中获取UserBean对象 没有显示的new
    UserBean user = (UserBean) ac.getBean("userBean");
    user.say();
}

2.从容器中获取对象的方式

2.1 根据ID获取

容器中Bean的ID只能声明一个

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--  添加需要被容器管理的内容-->
    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="userBean"/>
</beans>

2.2 根据Name获取

name可以声明多个，name=“u1,u2,u3” 表示会被拆分为3个name属性【拆分会根据 ‘,’ ‘;’ ’ ’ 空格】

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--  添加需要被容器管理的内容-->
    <!--<bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="userBean" name="userBean2"/>-->
    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="user1,user2,user3" name="u1,u2,u3"/>
</beans>

2.3 根据类型获取

@Test
public void fun6(){
    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    UserBean bean = ac.getBean(UserBean.class);
    bean.say();
}

如果同一类型的对象在容器中存在多个，这时通过类型在获取对象就会报错！！！

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--  添加需要被容器管理的内容-->
    <!--<bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="userBean" name="userBean2"/>-->
    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="user1,user2,user3" name="u1 u2 u3"/>

    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="userBean1" name="ub1"/>
</beans>

2.4 primary属性

通过设置的primary属性为true，来表示当前bean对象优先被获取，如果同一类型有多个对象时，会优先返回primary属性为true的对象。

3.注入方式（DI）

3.1 构造注入

通过构造方法进行注入，首先得提供对应的构造方法。
既可以通过name也可以通过index来进行赋值。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="user">
        <!-- 构造注入 -->
        <!--<constructor-arg name="id" value="666"/>
        <constructor-arg name="userName" value="bobo"/>-->
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="999" />
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="gp" />
    </bean>
</beans>

3.2 设值注入

设置注入的属性必须提供对应的**set()**方法。

<bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="user1">
    <!-- 设值注入 -->
    <property name="id" value="1"/>
    <property name="userName" value="张三"/>
</bean>

3.3 简化构造注入与设值注入

在xml文件头部引入对应的名称空间

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<!-- 构造注入 -->
    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="user" c:_0="111" c:_1="lisi">
        <!--
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="999" />
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="gp" />
        -->
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 设值注入 -->
	<bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="user1" p:id="222" p:userName="wangwu">
		<!--
	    <property name="id" value="1"/>
	    <property name="userName" value="张三"/>
	    -->
	</bean>
</beans>

3.4 其他类型注入

    private Cat cat;

    private String[] favorites;

    private List<Cat> cats;

    private Map<String,Object> map;

    private Properties props;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--  注册一个Cat对象-->
    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.Cat" id="cat" p:nick="花花" p:color="黑色"/>

    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean" id="user">
        <!-- 设值注入 -->
        <property name="cat" ref="cat">
            <!--<bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.Cat" />-->
        </property>
        <property name="favorites">
            <array>
                <value>篮球</value>
                <value>爬山</value>
                <value>逛街</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <property name="cats">
            <list>
                <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.Cat" p:nick="小花1" p:color="红色"/>
                <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.Cat" p:nick="小花2" p:color="绿色"/>
                <bean class="com.gupaoedu.pojo.Cat" p:nick="小花3" p:color="黄色"/>
            </list>
        </property>

        <property name="map" >
            <map>
                <entry key="name1" value="张三1"/>
                <entry key="name2" value="张三2"/>
                <entry key="name3" value="张三3"/>
            </map>
        </property>
        <property name="props">
            <props>
                <prop key="username" >root</prop>
                <prop key="password">123</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

3.5 工厂注入

3.5.1 静态工厂注入

package com.gupaoedu.factory;

import com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class StaticFactoryDemo {

    public static Map<String,UserBean> hashMap ;

    static {
        hashMap = new HashMap<String, UserBean>();
        hashMap.put("a1",new UserBean());
        hashMap.put("a2",new UserBean());
        hashMap.put("a3",new UserBean());
    }

    /**
     * 静态工厂提供的方法
     * @return
     */
    public static UserBean getInstance(){
        return hashMap.get("a1");
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--  通过静态工厂的方式注入 -->
    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.factory.StaticFactoryDemo" factory-method="getInstance" id="user"></bean>

</beans>

3.5.2 动态工厂注入

package com.gupaoedu.factory;

import com.gupaoedu.pojo.UserBean;

/**
 * 让每一个人的职业生涯不留遗憾
 *
 * @author 波波老师【咕泡学院】
 */
public class DynamicFactoryDemo {


    public UserBean getInstance(){
        return new UserBean();
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--  通过动态工厂的方式注入 -->
    <bean class="com.gupaoedu.factory.DynamicFactoryDemo" id="dynamicFactoryDemo" ></bean>

    <!--  从工厂对象中获取 需要的对象-->
    <bean id="user2" factory-bean="dynamicFactoryDemo" factory-method="getInstance"/>

</beans>

4.其他配置

4.1 事物管理配置

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gupaoedu.*" />
    
    <context:property-placeholder location="db.properties"/>
    <!-- 配置数据源 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" id="dataSource">
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc_url}"/>
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc_driver}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc_username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc_password}"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置JdbcTemplate -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" >
        <constructor-arg name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
        <!-- the transactional semantics... -->
        <tx:attributes>
            <!-- all methods starting with 'get' are read-only -->
            <tx:method name="bus*" propagation=" "/>
            <!-- other methods use the default transaction settings (see below) -->
            <tx:method name="*"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="tx" expression="execution(* com.gupaoedu.service..*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="tx"/>
    </aop:config>

</beans>

4.2 SpringMVC配置

引入映射器与适配器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 处理器映射器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" />

    <!-- 处理器适配器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter" />

</beans>

5.配合注解使用

5.1 扫描标签

在配置文件中添加扫描标签来指定哪些包路径下的类被Spring管理，前提是这些类被@Component注解标识。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 添加扫描的路径 指定从哪些package下加载被 @Component标注的类型-->
    <!--<context:component-scan base-package="com.gupaoedu"/>-->
    <!--<context:component-scan base-package="com.gupaoedu.controller
    ,com.gupaoedu.service.impl
    ,com.gupaoedu.dao.impl"/>-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gupaoedu.controller" />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gupaoedu.service.impl" />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gupaoedu.dao.impl" />
</beans>

可以自定义扫描规则

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
       
    <!--
    	use-default-filters="false" 表示不适用默认的过滤器  
        默认过滤器会识别 @Componenet @Controller @Service @Repository
    -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gupaoedu.controller" use-default-filters="false">
    	<!-- 只扫描Controller注解标识的类 -->
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gupaoedu.service.impl,com.gupaoedu.dao.impl" use-default-filters="true" >
        <!-- 排除掉某个注解 -->
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
    </context:component-scan>

</beans>

5.2 开启事务注解支持

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd">
		
    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--  开启事务的注解支持-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
</beans>

5.3 开启SpringMVC注解支持

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">

    <!-- 开启扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gupaoedu.controller" />
    <!-- 开启SpringMVC注解的使用 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

</beans>