Service的概念:
Service(服务)是在后台运行,与用户没有交互的组件.Android支持二种服务:本地服务和远程服务.本地服务无法供在设备上运行的其他应用程序访问,远程服务则可以供其它程序访问.
Service的生命周期:
Service的生命周期只有onCreate,onStart,onDestroy,.
1)通过startService启动:开始(onCreate -> onStart)过程,Service停止的时候直接进入销毁过程(onDestory).如果调用者(Activity)自己退出而没用调用stopService(),刚service会一直运行下去,直到下次调用者(Activity)再启动起来,并确调用stopService();
2)通过bindService启动,只会运行onCreate,这时将调用者(Activity)与service绑定在一起,如果调用者(Activity)退出,service就会调用onUnbind -> onDestroy.
无论何种方式启动,service只会创建一起,即onCreate只会执行一次。
以下是一个简单的Demo
1.layout文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <TextView android:id="@+id/mText" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> <Button android:id="@+id/startService" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="startService" /> <Button android:id="@+id/stopService" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="stopService" /> <Button android:id="@+id/bindService" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="bindService" /> <Button android:id="@+id/unbindService" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="unbindService" /> </LinearLayout>
2.创建service
package com.ex.service;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "MyService";
private int count = 0;
// 这里定义一个Binder类,用在onBind()有方法里,这样Activity那边可以获取到
private MyBinder mBinder = new MyBinder();
public class MyBinder extends Binder {
MyService getService() {
return MyService.this;
}
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, "MyService --> onBind()");
return mBinder;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
Log.e(TAG, "MyService --> onCreate()");
super.onCreate();
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Log.e(TAG, "MyService --> onStart()");
super.onStart(intent, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.e(TAG, "MyService --> onDestroy()");
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, "MyService --> onUnbind()");
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}
public int getCount(){
return count;
}
}
3.修改Activity
package com.ex.service;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private MyService myService = null;
private TextView mText = null;
//在Context.bindService和context.unBindService()里用到需要用到ServiceConnection
private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
Log.i(TAG,"onServiceConnected");
myService = ((MyService.MyBinder)service).getService();
mText.setText("Service Time:"+myService.getCount());
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
Log.i(TAG,"onServiceDisconnected");
}
};
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.mText);
//初始化按钮事件
initButtons();
}
private void initButtons(){
Button startService = (Button)findViewById(R.id.startService);
startService.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
startService();
}
});
Button stopService = (Button)findViewById(R.id.stopService);
stopService.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
stopService();
}
});
Button bindService = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bindService);
bindService.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
bindService();
}
});
Button unbindService = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbindService);
unbindService.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
unbindService();
}
});
}
//开启服务
private void startService(){
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class);
this.startService(intent);
}
//关闭服务
private void stopService(){
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class);
this.stopService(intent);
}
//绑定服务
private void bindService(){
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,MyService.class);
this.bindService(intent, mServiceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
//切断服务
private void unbindService(){
this.unbindService(mServiceConnection);
}
}
4.修改AndroidManifest.xml(注册service)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.ex.service"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service android:name=".MyService" android:exported="true"></service>
</application>
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
</manifest>