【转】chkconfig命令

<p><span style="">功能说明：检查、设定系统的各种服务。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br><br></span><span style="">语法：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">chkconfig [--add][--del][--list][</span><span style="">系统服务</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">]</span><span style="">或</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
chkconfig [--level<</span><span style="">等级代号</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">>][</span><span style="">系统服务</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">][on/off/reset]<br><br></span><span style="">补充说明</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="">这个是</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">redhat</span><span style="">公司遵循</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">gpl</span><span style="">规则所开发的程序</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="">它可以查询操作系统在每一个执行等级</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">(runlevel)</span><span style="">中</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="">会执行哪些系统服务，其中包括各种</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">daemon</span><span style="">。</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">linux os </span><span style="">将操作环境分为以下</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="">个等级</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">:</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
0:</span><span style="">开机</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="">请不要切换到此等级</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">)<br>
1:</span><span style="">单人使用者模式的文字界面</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
2:</span><span style="">多人使用者模式的文字界面</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="">不具有网络档案系统</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">(NFS)</span><span style="">功能</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
3:</span><span style="">多人使用者模式的文字界面</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="">具有网络档案系统</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">(NFS)</span><span style="">功能</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
4:</span><span style="">某些发行版的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">linux</span><span style="">使用此等级进入</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">x windows system<br>
5:</span><span style="">某些发行版的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">linux</span><span style="">使用此等级进入</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">x windows system<br>
6:</span><span style="">重新启动</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br><br></span><span style="">参数</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">:    --add   </span><span style="">新增所指定的系统服务</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
         --del </span><span style="">删除所指定的系统服务</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
         --level </span><span style="">指定该系统服务要在哪个执行等级中开启或关闭</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
         --list   </span><span style="">列出当前可从</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">chkconfig</span><span style="">指令管理的所有系统服务和等级代号</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
            on/off/reset   </span><span style="">在指定的执行登记</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="">开启</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="">关闭</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="">重置该系统服务</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">chkconfig</span><span style="">命令主要用来更新（启动或停止）和查询系统服务的运行级信息。谨记</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">chkconfig</span><span style="">不是立即自动禁止或激活一个服务，它只是简单的改变了符号连接。</span></p>
<p><span style="">语法：</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">    chkconfig --list [name]<br>
    chkconfig --add name<br>
    chkconfig --del name<br>
    chkconfig [--level levels] name <on|off|reset><br>
    chkconfig [--level levels] name</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">    chkconfig </span><span style="">没有参数运行时，显示用法。如果加上服务名，那么就检查这个服务是否在当前运行级启动。如果是，返回</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">true</span><span style="">，否则返回</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">false</span><span style="">。如果在服务名后面指定</span><span style=""> </span><span style="">了</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">on</span><span style="">，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">off</span><span style="">或者</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">reset</span><span style="">，那么</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">chkconfi </span><span style="">会改变指定服务的启动信息。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">on</span><span style="">和</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">off</span><span style="">分别指服务被启动和停止，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">reset</span><span style="">指重置服务的启动信息，无论有问题的初始化脚本指定了什么。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">on</span><span style="">和</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">off</span><span style="">开</span><span style=""> </span><span style="">关，系统默认只对运行级</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="">，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="">，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="">有效，但是</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">reset</span><span style="">可以对所有运行级有效。</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">    --level</span><span style="">选项可以指定要查看的运行级而不一定是当前运行级。</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">    </span><span style="">需要说明的是，对于每个运行级，只能有一个启动脚本或者停止脚本。当切换运行级时，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">init</span><span style="">不会重新启动已经启动的服务，也不会再次去停止已经停止的服务。</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">    chkconfig --list </span><span style="">：显示所有运行级系统服务的运行状态信息（</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">on</span><span style="">或</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">off</span><span style="">）。如果指定了</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">name</span><span style="">，那么只显示指定的服务在不同运行级的状态。</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">    chkconfig --add name</span><span style="">：增加一项新的服务。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">chkconfig</span><span style="">确保每个运行级有一项启动</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">(S)</span><span style="">或者杀死</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">(K)</span><span style="">入口。如有缺少，则会从缺省的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">init</span><span style="">脚本自动建立。</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">    chkconfig --del name</span><span style="">：删除服务，并把相关符号连接从</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">/etc/rc[0-6].d</span><span style="">删除。</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">    chkconfig [--level levels] name <on|off|reset></span><span style="">：设置某一服务在指定的运行级是被启动，停止还是重置。例如，要在</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="">，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="">，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="">运行级停止</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">nfs</span><span style="">服务，则命令如下：</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">    chkconfig --level 345 nfs off</span></p>
<p><span style="">运行级文件：</span></p>
<p><span style="" lang="EN-US">    </span><span style="">每个被</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">chkconfig</span><span style="">管理的服务需要在对应的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">init.d</span><span style="">下的脚本加上两行或者更多行的注释。第一行告诉</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">chkconfig</span><span style="">缺省启动的运行级以及启动</span><span style=""> </span><span style="">和停止的优先级。如果某服务缺省不在任何运行级启动，那么使用</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"> - </span><span style="">代替运行级。第二行对服务进行描述，可以用</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">\ </span><span style="">跨行注释。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="">例如，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">random.init</span><span style="">包含三行：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
# chkconfig: 2345 20 80<br>
# description: Saves and restores system entropy pool for \<br>
# higher quality random number generation.</span></p>
<p><span style="">附加介绍一下</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">Linux</span><span style="">系统的运行级的概念：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
    Linux</span><span style="">中有多种运行级，常见的就是多用户的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="">，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="">，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="">，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">5 </span><span style="">，很多人知道</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="">是运行</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">X-Windows</span><span style="">的级别，而</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="">就是关机了。运行级的改变可以通过</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">init</span><span style="">命令来切换。例如，假设你要维护系统进入单用户状态，那</span><span style=""> </span><span style="">么，可以使用</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">init1</span><span style="">来切换。在</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">Linux</span><span style="">的运行级的切换过程中，系统会自动寻找对应运行级的目录</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">/etc/rc[0-6].d</span><span style="">下的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">K</span><span style="">和</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">S</span><span style="">开头的文件，</span><span style=""> </span><span style="">按后面的数字顺序，执行这些脚本。对这些脚本的维护，是很繁琐的一件事情，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">Linux</span><span style="">提供了</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">chkconfig</span><span style="">命令用来更新和查询不同运行级上的系统服</span><span style=""> </span><span style="">务。</span></p>
<p><span style="">范例</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">:<br><br>
1.</span><span style="">查看在各种不同的执行等级中</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="">各项服务的状况</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">:<br>
$chkconfig --list<br><br>
2.</span><span style="">列出系统服务</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">vsftpd</span><span style="">在各个执行等级的启动情况：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
$chkconfig --list vsftpd<br><br>
3.</span><span style="">在执行等级</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">3,5</span><span style="">时，关闭</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">vsftpd</span><span style="">系统服务：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
$chkconfig --level 35 vsftpd off<br><br>
4.</span><span style="">在执行等级</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="">，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="">，</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="">时，开启</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"> vsftpd</span><span style="">系统服务：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
$chkconfig --level 235 vsftpd on<br><br>
5.</span><span style="">关闭一些自己不需要的服务</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"> -><br></span><span style="">如果没有打印机：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
chkconfig --level 235 cups off <br></span><span style="">如果没有局域网：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
chkconfig --level 235 smb off<br></span><span style="">如果不需要远程用户登录的：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
chkconfig --level 235 sshd off<br></span><span style="">如果不需要定时任务的：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
chkconfig --level 235 crond off<br></span><span style="">如果不需要添加新硬件的：</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br>
chkconfig --level 235 kudzu off</span></p>