WebApplicationContext : org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener作用

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WebApplicationContext : org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener 作用

如果您想要在自己所定义的 Servlet 类别中使用 Spring 的容器功能,则也可以使用 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener ,例如在 web.xml 中使用 < listener> 标签加以定义:

...

<listener>

<listener-class>

org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

</listener-class>

</listener>

...

ContextLoaderListener 预设会读取 applicationContext.xml , 您可以指定自己的定义档,只要在 <context-param> 中指定 "contextConfigLocation" 参数,例如:

...

<context-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation </param-name>

<param-value>/WEB-INF/beans-config.xml,

/WEB-INF/demo-service.xml </param-value>

</context-param>

...

接着您可以在自定义的 Servlet 中使用 org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils ,从 ServletContext 中取得 org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext ,例如:

WebApplicationContext ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.

getRequiredWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext());

WebApplicationContext 实作了 ApplicationContext 介面,是 Spring 专为 ServletWeb 应用程式设计的 ApplicationContext 实作类别,在取得 WebApplicationContext 之后,您可以利用它来取得 Bean 定义档中定义的 Bean 实例,例如:

Date date = (Date) ctx.getBean("dateBean");

在不支持 Listener 设定的容器上(例如 Servlet 2.2 以更早的版本),您可以使用 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet 来取代上面的 ContextLoaderListener 的设定,例如:

...

<servlet>

<servlet-name>contextLoader</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>

org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet

</servlet-class>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

...

综合以上的叙述,撰写一个简单的范例来示范完整的组态方式,假设您撰写了一个简单的 Servlet 程式,作用为提供简单的报时功能,如下所示:

* TimeServlet.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;

import java.io.*;

import javax.servlet.*;

import javax.servlet.http.*;

import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.web.context. support.WebApplicationContextUtils;

public class TimeServlet extends HttpServlet {

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,

HttpServletResponse res)

throws ServletException, IOException {

WebApplicationContext ctx =

WebApplicationContextUtils.

getRequiredWebApplicationContext(

this.getServletContext());

PrintWriter out = res.getWriter();

out.println(ctx.getBean("dateBean"));

}

}

这个 Servlet 中使用了 WebApplicationContext 来尝试取得 dateBean ,您可以在 web.xml 中定义 ContextLoaderListenerBean 定义档的位置,例如:

* web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee

http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"

version="2.4">

<session-config>

<session-timeout>

30

</session-timeout>

</session-config>

<context-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>/WEB-INF/beans-config.xml</param-value>

</context-param>

<listener>

<listener-class>

org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

</listener-class>

</listener>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>time</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>

onlyfun.caterpillar.TimeServlet

</servlet-class>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>time</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/time.do</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

<context-param>"contextConfigLocation" 属性中,设定了 Bean 定义档的位置与名称, Bean 定义档的内容如下所示:

* beans-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC

"-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN"

"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<beans>

<bean id="dateBean" class="java.util.Date" singleton="false"/>

</beans>

您可以连接至 TimeServlet ,结果会显示连接上的时间。

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