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WebApplicationContext : org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener 作用
如果您想要在自己所定义的 Servlet 类别中使用 Spring 的容器功能,则也可以使用 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener ,例如在 web.xml 中使用 < listener> 标签加以定义:
...
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
...
ContextLoaderListener 预设会读取 applicationContext.xml , 您可以指定自己的定义档,只要在 <context-param> 中指定 "contextConfigLocation" 参数,例如:
...
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation </param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/beans-config.xml,
→ /WEB-INF/demo-service.xml </param-value>
</context-param>
...
接着您可以在自定义的 Servlet 中使用 org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils ,从 ServletContext 中取得 org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext ,例如:
WebApplicationContext ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.
getRequiredWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext());
WebApplicationContext 实作了 ApplicationContext 介面,是 Spring 专为 Servlet 的 Web 应用程式设计的 ApplicationContext 实作类别,在取得 WebApplicationContext 之后,您可以利用它来取得 Bean 定义档中定义的 Bean 实例,例如:
Date date = (Date) ctx.getBean("dateBean");
在不支持 Listener 设定的容器上(例如 Servlet 2.2 以更早的版本),您可以使用 org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet 来取代上面的 ContextLoaderListener 的设定,例如:
...
<servlet>
<servlet-name>contextLoader</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet
</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
...
综合以上的叙述,撰写一个简单的范例来示范完整的组态方式,假设您撰写了一个简单的 Servlet 程式,作用为提供简单的报时功能,如下所示:
* TimeServlet.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context. support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
public class TimeServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,
HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
WebApplicationContext ctx =
WebApplicationContextUtils.
getRequiredWebApplicationContext(
this.getServletContext());
PrintWriter out = res.getWriter();
out.println(ctx.getBean("dateBean"));
}
}
这个 Servlet 中使用了 WebApplicationContext 来尝试取得 dateBean ,您可以在 web.xml 中定义 ContextLoaderListener 与 Bean 定义档的位置,例如:
* web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
→ http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
version="2.4">
<session-config>
<session-timeout>
30
</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/beans-config.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>time</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
onlyfun.caterpillar.TimeServlet
</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>time</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/time.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
在 <context-param> 的 "contextConfigLocation" 属性中,设定了 Bean 定义档的位置与名称, Bean 定义档的内容如下所示:
* beans-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC
"-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN"
"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="dateBean" class="java.util.Date" singleton="false"/>
</beans>
您可以连接至 TimeServlet ,结果会显示连接上的时间。