对于国内面试中经常问“
StringBuffer和StringBuilder有何区别”,知乎上曾有一番讨论。
我以为,好的面试官可以在这个问题上直接进一步,“你不知道这两个的区别没关系,我可以告诉你,我们聊聊短生命周期对象管理和线程安全性吧。”所以取而代之的这样的一个问题就更有意义了:请写一个程序来验证StringBuffer和StringBuilder的线程安全性。
线程安全性是指,当对一个复杂对象进行某种操作时,从操作开始到操作结束之前,该对象会经历若干中间状态,直到操作完全结束,该对象才会会到完全可用的状态。如果其他线程能够访问处于不可用中间状态的对象,使该对象产生无法预料的结果,则称该对象线程不安全,反之则称其为线程安全。
所以这个简单程序的考察点:
- 线程安全性的理解
- Java并发编程基础
- 主动思考和分析能力,以及去求证的主动性,而不是被动接受各种结论
示例程序如下:
public class StringBufferAndStringBuilderTest {
private static final int THREAD_NUM = 1000;
public static void main(String[] args){
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
String strToReverse = "AAAABBBB";
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(strToReverse);
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(strToReverse);
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(THREAD_NUM);
CountDownLatch countDownLatch2 = new CountDownLatch(THREAD_NUM);
for(int i=0; i<THREAD_NUM; i++) {
new StringBufferTaskThread(stringBuilder, countDownLatch).start();
new StringBufferTaskThread(stringBuffer, countDownLatch2).start();
}
try {
countDownLatch.await();
countDownLatch2.await();
System.out.println("StringBuffer toString: " + stringBuffer.toString());
System.out.println("StringBuilder toString: " + stringBuilder.toString());
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Running time: " + (endTime-startTime));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class StringBufferTaskThread extends Thread {
private static final String STARTER = "-start";
private static final String ENDER = "-end";
private Object s = null;
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch; // 记载运行线程数
public StringBufferTaskThread(StringBuilder stringBuilder, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
super();
this.s = stringBuilder;
this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
}
public StringBufferTaskThread(StringBuffer stringBuffer, CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
super();
this.s = stringBuffer;
this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + STARTER);
for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
if(s instanceof StringBuffer){
((StringBuffer) s).reverse();
System.out.println("Buffer->"+s.toString());
}else if(s instanceof StringBuilder){
((StringBuilder) s).reverse();
System.out.println("Builder->"+s.toString());
}
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ENDER);
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}
此示例程序做了如下事情:
- 基于初始字符串“AAAABBBB”分别构建StringBuffer和StringBuilder对象
- 分别启动1000个线程,调用StringBuffer和StringBuilder的reverse方法,进行字符串反转
- 所有线程执行完后打印结果,由于反转偶数次,线程安全的对象输出应与初始值相同,线程不安全的对象则可能产生乱序
输出:
Thread-0-start
Thread-1-start
Thread-2-start
Thread-3-start
Thread-4-start
Thread-5-start
Thread-6-start
Thread-7-start
....
Thread-368-end
Thread-1809-end
Thread-1609-end
Thread-1810-end
Thread-1608-end
Thread-1702-end
Thread-1527-end
StringBuffer toString: AAAABBBB
StringBuilder toString: ABBBBBAB
Running time: 7523
发现StringBuffer输出与初始值相同,StringBuilder输出产生乱序。多次执行或调大线程数StringBuffer输出结果不变,由此二者线程安全性得证。