类、对象初始化简析

[b]一、除了Object外没有继承其他类的类[/b]

class Base {
    protected static int a = 3;
    protected int b = 5;
    static{
        System.out.println("a = " + a);
    }
    {
        System.out.println("b = " + b);
    }

    public Base(){
        System.out.println("In constructor...");
    }
}
class Initailization {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Before use...");
        System.out.println("Base.a = " + Base.a);
        System.out.println("After use...");

        System.out.println("Before new...");
        new Base();
        System.out.println("After new...");
    }
}

执行结果：

Before use...
a = 3
Base.a = 3
After use...
Before new...
b = 5
In constructor...
After new...

　　当然初始化的顺序不言而喻额：类加载、校验、准备后便初始化静态变量及执行静态块；对象先执行成员的初始化，然后在执行自身的构造函数。如果类没有被加载，直接调用new创建对象，则先加载类，并做相关初始化，然后再创建对象，如下所示：

class Base {
    protected static int a = 3;
    {
        System.out.println("a1 = " + a);
    }
    protected int b = 5;
    static{
        System.out.println("a = " + a);
    }
    {
        System.out.println("b2 = " + b);
    }

    public Base(){
        System.out.println("In constructor...");
    }
}
class Initailization {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Before new...");
        new Base();
        System.out.println("After new...");
    }
}

执行结果：

Before new...
a = 3
a1 = 3
b2 = 5
In constructor...
After new...

[b]二、除了Object还继承了其他类的类[/b]
一个原则——先父后子，两个过程——先加载后创建对象。详细过程如下：
先加载、初始化父类，然后加载、初始化子类；先创建父类对象，然后创建子类对象。

class A {
    static {
        System.out.print(1);
    }
    public A() {
        System.out.print(2);
    }
}
class B extends A {
    static {
        System.out.print(3);
    }
    {
    }
    public B() {
        System.out.print(4);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        B b1 = new B();
        System.out.print(",");
        new B();
    }
}

所以，上述代码的执行结果为：

1324,24