每日一贴,今天的内容关键字为动画实现
蛇年到，贪吃蛇还是要出马下的，不准备写整完的程序，就让蛇跑起来，尾巴的长起来吧，蛇头有点动画得了。
先讲讲一些道理，蛇的袋脑应用键盘制控，因此写重他的keyPressEvent是势在必行的；
蛇身可以长增，动运，本来我划计是蛇身的每一块的坐标都市动移，可看见一个老哥说每次只要把尾巴动移的蛇袋脑那里，蛇袋脑再往前跑跑，蛇就动了，想想也是。蛇身是一块块构成的，很对的块成形一个组，酿成蛇的身子，每次蛇要长长，只要在这个组里加增新的块可即。
因为应用了大批的图形，因此应用PyQt里头的带Graphics的那一堆类，写重QGraphicsItem的类或者子类，成完特定的能功，作为基本的元素；应用QGraphicsScene加增元素；QGraphicsView表现。
想应用动画Animation，看了看里头要需QObject来初始化，而QGraphicsItem居然不是继承自QObject的。因此我择选了QGraphicsObject作为类基来完善求需，他继承自QGraphicsItem和QObject，可以应用动画的西东。
面下是整完的代码，先贴上：
View Code
1 import sys 2 import random 3 from Queue import deque 4 from PyQt4.QtCore import (QObject,QRectF,QRect,QPointF, 5 QTimer,SIGNAL,Qt,pyqtProperty, 6 QPropertyAnimation,QEasingCurve ) 7 from PyQt4.QtGui import (QMainWindow,QGraphicsScene,QGraphicsView, 8 QGraphicsPixmapItem,QGraphicsItem, 9 QFont,QPainter,QPixmap, 10 QPainter,QGraphicsItemGroup, 11 QApplication,QGraphicsObject) 12 import qrc_resources 13 14 class Segment(QGraphicsObject): 15 width = 50 16 def __init__(self,pos,parent=None): 17 super(Segment,self).__init__(parent) 18 self.setPixmap(QPixmap(":/img/book.jpg")) 19 self.setFlags(QGraphicsItem.ItemIsSelectable| 20 QGraphicsItem.ItemIsMovable) 21 self.setPos(pos) 22 # def setPos(self,pos): 23 # super(Segment,self).setPos(pos) 24 def pixmap(self): 25 return self.pix 26 def setPixmap(self,pix): 27 self.pix = pix 28 def paint(self,painter,option,widget): 29 painter.drawPixmap(QRect(0,0,self.width,self.width), 30 self.pixmap()) 31 def boundingRect (self): 32 return QRectF(0,0,self.width,self.width) 33 class Head(Segment): 34 speed = Segment.width 35 UP = 0 36 DOWN = 1 37 LEFT = 2 38 RIGHT = 3 39 TimeGap = 500 40 CURVE_TYPES = [(n, c) for n, c in QEasingCurve.__dict__.items() 41 if isinstance(c, QEasingCurve.Type) and c != QEasingCurve.Custom] 42 def _set_pos(self,pos): 43 self.setPos(pos) 44 def _get_pos(self): 45 return self.pos() 46 47 position = pyqtProperty(QPointF,fset = _set_pos, 48 fget = _get_pos) 49 def __init__(self,pos,parent=None): 50 super(Head,self).__init__(pos,parent) 51 self.setPixmap(QPixmap(":/img/person.jpg")) 52 self.setFlags(QGraphicsItem.ItemIsSelectable| 53 QGraphicsItem.ItemIsMovable| 54 QGraphicsItem.ItemIsFocusable) 55 self.curveType = QEasingCurve.OutBounce 56 self.setPos(pos) 57 self.setFocus(Qt.OtherFocusReason) 58 self.direction = self.RIGHT 59 self.timer = QTimer() 60 self.timer.start(self.TimeGap) 61 QObject.connect(self.timer, SIGNAL("timeout()"), 62 self.move) 63 def move(self): 64 pos = self.pos() 65 # add animation,i dont know why must do this 66 # else it wont be move 67 if self.direction == self.LEFT: 68 position = pos + QPointF(-self.speed,0) 69 elif self.direction == self.RIGHT: 70 position = pos + QPointF(self.speed,0) 71 elif self.direction == self.UP: 72 position = pos + QPointF(0,-self.speed) 73 elif self.direction == self.DOWN: 74 position = pos + QPointF(0,self.speed) 75 76 pre = pos = position 77 78 rect = QRectF(self.boundingRect()) 79 if self.direction == self.LEFT: 80 self.setPos(pos+QPointF(-self.speed,0)) 81 elif self.direction == self.RIGHT: 82 self.setPos(pos+QPointF(self.speed,0)) 83 elif self.direction == self.UP: 84 self.setPos(pos+QPointF(0,-self.speed)) 85 elif self.direction == self.DOWN: 86 self.setPos(pos+QPointF(0,self.speed)) 87 current = self.pos() 88 self.animationChanged(pre, current) 89 90 def animationChanged(self,pre,current): 91 self.anim= QPropertyAnimation(self,'position') 92 self.anim.setStartValue(pre) 93 self.anim.setEndValue(current) 94 95 self.anim.setEasingCurve(self.curveType) 96 self.anim.setDirection(self.TimeGap-200) 97 self.anim.start() 98 def keyPressEvent (self,event): 99 key = event.key() 100 if key == Qt.Key_Left: 101 self.direction = self.LEFT 102 return 103 if key == Qt.Key_Right: 104 self.direction = self.RIGHT 105 return 106 if key == Qt.Key_Up: 107 self.direction = self.UP 108 return 109 if key == Qt.Key_Down: 110 self.direction = self.DOWN 111 return 112 class SegmentGroup(QObject): 113 def __init__(self,scene,parent = None): 114 super(SegmentGroup,self).__init__(parent) 115 self.scene = scene 116 self.items = deque() 117 118 def addSegment(self,segment): 119 self.scene.addItem(segment) 120 self.items.append(segment) 121 122 def move(self,headPos): 123 if not self.items:return 124 tail = self.items.pop() 125 tail.setPos(headPos) 126 self.items.appendleft(tail) 127 128 def tail(self): 129 if not self.items:return 130 return self.items[-1] 131 132 class SnackScene(QGraphicsScene): 133 def __init__(self,parent=None): 134 super(SnackScene,self).__init__(parent) 135 self.setSceneRect(0,0,400,300) 136 self.segmentGroup = SegmentGroup(self) 137 self.segmentGroup.addSegment(Segment(QPointF(0,0))) 138 139 self.head = Head(QPointF(Segment.width,0)) 140 self.addItem(self.head) 141 142 self.setFocusItem(self.head) 143 self.timer = QTimer() 144 self.timer.start(Head.TimeGap) 145 146 self.connect(self.timer, SIGNAL("timeout()"), 147 self.segmentMove) 148 def segmentMove(self): 149 self.segmentGroup.move(self.head.pos()) 150 def mousePressEvent (self, event): 151 if event.button() == Qt.LeftButton: 152 tail = self.segmentGroup.tail() 153 self.segmentGroup.addSegment( 154 Segment(tail.pos()) 155 ) 156 elif event.button() == Qt.RightButton: 157 curveType = random.choice(Head.CURVE_TYPES) 158 self.head.curveType = QEasingCurve(curveType[1]) 159 160 class Form(QMainWindow): 161 def __init__(self,parent=None): 162 super(Form,self).__init__(parent) 163 self.fileMenu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&File") 164 self.statusBar().showMessage("Ready", 5000) 165 self.scene = SnackScene() 166 167 self.view = QGraphicsView(self.scene) 168 self.view.setRenderHint(QPainter.SmoothPixmapTransform) 169 self.view.setDragMode(QGraphicsView.RubberBandDrag) 170 self.setCentralWidget(self.view) 171 172 app = QApplication(sys.argv) 173 174 form = Form() 175 form.show() 176 app.exec_()
资源文件：
View Code
1 <RCC> 2 <qresource prefix="/"> 3 <file>img/book.jpg</file> 4 <file>img/person.jpg</file> 5 <file>img/cat.jpg</file> 6 </qresource> 7 </RCC>
开始讲授：
蛇的体身：
1 class Segment(QGraphicsObject): 2 width = 50 3 def __init__(self,pos,parent=None): 4 super(Segment,self).__init__(parent) 5 self.setPixmap(QPixmap(":/img/book.jpg")) 6 self.setFlags(QGraphicsItem.ItemIsSelectable| 7 QGraphicsItem.ItemIsMovable) 8 self.setPos(pos) 9 # def setPos(self,pos): 10 # super(Segment,self).setPos(pos) 11 def pixmap(self): 12 return self.pix 13 def setPixmap(self,pix): 14 self.pix = pix 15 def paint(self,painter,option,widget): 16 painter.drawPixmap(QRect(0,0,self.width,self.width), 17 self.pixmap()) 18 def boundingRect (self): 19 return QRectF(0,0,self.width,self.width)
boundingRect是指明这个对象所占的矩形空间巨细，因为有的时候你可以用鼠标择选图片，那么到底哪个区域呢，就是这个区域。
为了让蛇身蛇头的巨细分歧，设置了一个width作为蛇身的静态成员变量，并且在paint法方中重绘了图片，这样，不管图片多么大，画出来都市酿成指定的巨细，保障了蛇身蛇头雷同的巨细。
蛇头
1 class Head(Segment): 2 speed = Segment.width 3 UP = 0 4 DOWN = 1 5 LEFT = 2 6 RIGHT = 3 7 TimeGap = 500 8 CURVE_TYPES = [(n, c) for n, c in QEasingCurve.__dict__.items() 9 if isinstance(c, QEasingCurve.Type) and c != QEasingCurve.Custom] 10 def _set_pos(self,pos): 11 self.setPos(pos) 12 def _get_pos(self): 13 return self.pos() 14 15 position = pyqtProperty(QPointF,fset = _set_pos, 16 fget = _get_pos) 17 def __init__(self,pos,parent=None): 18 super(Head,self).__init__(pos,parent) 19 self.setPixmap(QPixmap(":/img/person.jpg")) 20 self.setFlags(QGraphicsItem.ItemIsSelectable| 21 QGraphicsItem.ItemIsMovable| 22 QGraphicsItem.ItemIsFocusable) 23 self.curveType = QEasingCurve.OutBounce 24 self.setPos(pos) 25 self.setFocus(Qt.OtherFocusReason) 26 self.direction = self.RIGHT 27 self.timer = QTimer() 28 self.timer.start(self.TimeGap) 29 QObject.connect(self.timer, SIGNAL("timeout()"), 30 self.move) 31 def move(self): 32 pos = self.pos() 33 # add animation,i dont know why must do this 34 # else it wont be move 35 if self.direction == self.LEFT: 36 position = pos + QPointF(-self.speed,0) 37 elif self.direction == self.RIGHT: 38 position = pos + QPointF(self.speed,0) 39 elif self.direction == self.UP: 40 position = pos + QPointF(0,-self.speed) 41 elif self.direction == self.DOWN: 42 position = pos + QPointF(0,self.speed) 43 44 pre = pos = position 45 46 rect = QRectF(self.boundingRect()) 47 if self.direction == self.LEFT: 48 self.setPos(pos+QPointF(-self.speed,0)) 49 elif self.direction == self.RIGHT: 50 self.setPos(pos+QPointF(self.speed,0)) 51 elif self.direction == self.UP: 52 self.setPos(pos+QPointF(0,-self.speed)) 53 elif self.direction == self.DOWN: 54 self.setPos(pos+QPointF(0,self.speed)) 55 current = self.pos() 56 self.animationChanged(pre, current) 57 58 def animationChanged(self,pre,current): 59 self.anim= QPropertyAnimation(self,'position') 60 self.anim.setStartValue(pre) 61 self.anim.setEndValue(current) 62 63 self.anim.setEasingCurve(self.curveType) 64 self.anim.setDirection(self.TimeGap-200) 65 self.anim.start() 66 def keyPressEvent (self,event): 67 key = event.key() 68 if key == Qt.Key_Left: 69 self.direction = self.LEFT 70 return 71 if key == Qt.Key_Right: 72 self.direction = self.RIGHT 73 return 74 if key == Qt.Key_Up: 75 self.direction = self.UP 76 return 77 if key == Qt.Key_Down: 78 self.direction = self.DOWN 79 return
设置了四个向方，并且写重了keyPressEvent法方，键盘按下的时候，转变self.direction的向方。
CURVE_TYPES是动画的全部可能取值，有40多种，可查阅QEasingCurve的文档。
蛇头的动运，是在move法方中实现的，如果不加添动画的话，第一段if else语句并不要需加，程序运行常正，可加添动画后，不知道为什么，每次运行到这里，pos的值与上一次运行move的值雷同，不得已加了一段if else使得程序能常正运行。
animationChanged法方实现了蛇头的动画，self.anim.setEasingCurve(self.curveType)设置动画效果，为了让动画效果可以转变，因此保留了一个self.curveType变量。另外在造构时self.anim= QPropertyAnimation(self,'position'),第一个数参要需是QObject对象，而第二个数参要需时Qt的属性，因此在上面我命生了一个position属性，代码如下:
1 def _set_pos(self,pos): 2 self.setPos(pos) 3 def _get_pos(self): 4 return self.pos() 5 6 position = pyqtProperty(QPointF,fset = _set_pos, 7 fget = _get_pos)
造构法方的定时器让蛇身连续动移，这个在我之前的博客中有分析，不在啰嗦。
蛇身Group
1 class SegmentGroup(QObject): 2 def __init__(self,scene,parent = None): 3 super(SegmentGroup,self).__init__(parent) 4 self.scene = scene 5 self.items = deque() 6 7 def addSegment(self,segment): 8 self.scene.addItem(segment) 9 self.items.append(segment) 10 11 def move(self,headPos): 12 if not self.items:return 13 tail = self.items.pop() 14 tail.setPos(headPos) 15 self.items.appendleft(tail) 16 17 def tail(self): 18 if not self.items:return 19 return self.items[-1]
这是为了便利理管，将蛇头和整段体身分离而做的一个器容，因为重要在实第一节蛇身和蛇尾之间行进插入删除操纵，所以应用python的deque()来实现这个器容，并且这个器容直接将蛇身加添到scene中去。代码木有神马别特要需明说的。
Scene
1 class SnackScene(QGraphicsScene): 2 def __init__(self,parent=None): 3 super(SnackScene,self).__init__(parent) 4 self.setSceneRect(0,0,400,300) 5 self.segmentGroup = SegmentGroup(self) 6 self.segmentGroup.addSegment(Segment(QPointF(0,0))) 7 8 self.head = Head(QPointF(Segment.width,0)) 9 self.addItem(self.head) 10 11 self.setFocusItem(self.head) 12 self.timer = QTimer() 13 self.timer.start(Head.TimeGap) 14 15 self.connect(self.timer, SIGNAL("timeout()"), 16 self.segmentMove) 17 def segmentMove(self): 18 self.segmentGroup.move(self.head.pos()) 19 def mousePressEvent (self, event): 20 if event.button() == Qt.LeftButton: 21 tail = self.segmentGroup.tail() 22 self.segmentGroup.addSegment( 23 Segment(tail.pos()) 24 ) 25 elif event.button() == Qt.RightButton: 26 curveType = random.choice(Head.CURVE_TYPES) 27 self.head.curveType = QEasingCurve(curveType[1])
在这个类中加添据数，蛇头，蛇身理管器，设置了简略的长增蛇身的事件——按下鼠标左键；而按下键右则是改更蛇头的动画效果。将蛇身的动移与蛇头的动移对应起来，用一个与蛇头定时器间时雷同的定时器来实现。
最后的form则是应用mainwindow在实现的应用程序。
1 class Form(QMainWindow): 2 def __init__(self,parent=None): 3 super(Form,self).__init__(parent) 4 self.fileMenu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&File") 5 self.statusBar().showMessage("Ready", 5000) 6 self.scene = SnackScene() 7 8 self.view = QGraphicsView(self.scene) 9 self.view.setRenderHint(QPainter.SmoothPixmapTransform) 10 self.view.setDragMode(QGraphicsView.RubberBandDrag) 11 self.setCentralWidget(self.view)
跋文：做这个然依是为了练熟qt，本来是想用图形界面做设计模式的，但是有些模式想不好写神马好，就像装饰者模式，用神马例子捏？
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