Oracle性能查看

Oracle数据库在配置文件中更改最大连接数：[url]http://www.2cto.com/database/201303/192758.html[/url]
Oracle日常性能查看 :[url]http://blog.csdn.net/webajax/article/details/8692862[/url]
使用命令行手工建立Oracle11gR2数据库：[url]http://www.cnblogs.com/beanbee/archive/2012/09/22/2697689.html[/url]
以下命令以管理员system用户测试，普通用户没有相关视图的权限：
当前的数据库连接数

select count(*) from v$process where program='Oracle.EXE(SHAD)';

[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0123/3147/41377c0a-dfa4-37f9-9e2e-cdbb43041ffa.png[/img]

数据库允许的最大连接数

select value from v$parameter where name ='processes';

[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0123/3145/18c70843-4d1d-33bc-9700-75d98d707e21.png[/img]

当前的session连接数

select count(*) from v$session; 

[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0123/3149/0accef6b-4a29-348d-88b0-11d95e9695e2.png[/img]


并发连接数

select count(*) from v$session where status='ACTIVE';

[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0123/3151/87060863-043d-39ce-8fa5-63077e9a1f13.png[/img]

最大连接

show parameter processes;  

[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0123/3153/31fd82e8-3197-371d-b3cc-0fc100ae9fdb.png[/img]

查看当前有哪些用户正在使用数据

SELECT osuser, a.username,cpu_time/executions/1000000||'s',b.sql_text,machine
from v$session a, v$sqlarea b
where a.sql_address =b.address order by cpu_time/executions desc;

[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0123/3155/cc41b17e-6ef9-30f0-9c8a-cf9b1816e5db.png[/img]

重启数据库

shutdown immediate;
startup;

修改最大连接数:

alter system set processes = 300 scope = spfile; 

在修改数据库配置之前，尽量先备份数据库；
这个谨慎使用：当时我把processes修改的太小，以至于oracle拒绝连接：
[color=red]ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
进程 ID: 0
会话 ID: 0 序列号: 0[/color]

查看日志oradim.log：


[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0123/3157/b27864ed-a593-352a-a8bd-6313aed8ea80.png[/img]

[color=red]Fri Feb 24 09:34:21 2017
D:\Oracle11g\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server\bin\oradim.exe -startup -sid xe -usrpwd * -log oradim.log -nocheck 0
Fri Feb 24 09:34:33 2017
ORA-00444: background process "GEN0" failed while starting
ORA-00020: maximum number of processes () exceeded[/color]

从上面可以看出，最大连接数太小导致启动是吧！

Oracle数据库在配置文件中更改最大连接数：[url]http://www.2cto.com/database/201303/192758.html[/url]

[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0123/3163/cb8f8530-ba06-3949-89f0-4c704fbc5728.png[/img]

最好不要手动通过配置文件修改，因为配置文件是二进制格式的；最好通过命令行修改

oracle数据库启动目录：


[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0123/3159/1cc50a64-d19e-386a-8603-1c4245578595.png[/img]
初始化配置文件和密码文件等

oracle实例配置目录：

[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0123/3161/450142aa-99e5-33c0-aebc-a205912a303b.png[/img]
实例配置文件init且全局，SPFILEXE为对应的实例XE的配置文件

创建用户

 create user donald identified by 123456; 

授权用户

 grant connect, resource to donald;

确定共享池中的命中率：（如果ratio1大于1时，需要加大共享池，如果ratio2大于10％时，需要加大共享池SHARED_POOL_SIZE）

select sum(pins) pins,
sum(reloads) reloads,
(sum(reloads) / sum(pins)) * 100 ratio1
from v$librarycache ;

select sum(gets) gets,
sum(getmisses) getmisses,
(sum(getmisses) / sum(gets)) * 100 ratio2
from v$rowcache ;

判断回滚段竞争的SQL语句：（当Ratio大于2时存在回滚段竞争，需要增加更多的回滚段）

select rn.name, rs.GETS, rs.WAITS, (rs.WAITS / rs.GETS) * 100 ratio
from v$rollstat rs, v$rollname rn
where rs.USN = rn.usn ;

判断恢复日志竞争的SQL语句：（immediate_contention或wait_contention的值大于1时存在竞争）

select name,
(t.IMMEDIATE_MISSES /
decode((t.IMMEDIATE_GETS + t.IMMEDIATE_MISSES),0,-1,
(t.IMMEDIATE_GETS + t.IMMEDIATE_MISSES))) * 100 immediate_contention,
(t.MISSES / decode((t.GETS + t.MISSES), 0, -1, (t.GETS + t.MISSES))) * 100 wait_contention
from v$latch t
where name in ('redo copy', 'redo allocation') ;

判断表空间碎片：（如果最大空闲空间占总空间很大比例则可能不存在碎片，如果比例较小，且有许多空闲空间，则可能碎片很多）

select t.tablespace_name,
sum(t.bytes),max(t.bytes),count(*),
max(t.bytes) / sum(t.bytes) radio
from dba_free_space t
group by t.tablespace_name
order by t.tablespace_name ;

确定命中排序域的次数：

select t.NAME, t.VALUE from v$sysstat t where t.NAME like 'sort%';

查询耗资源的进程（top session）

SELECT s.Schemaname Schema_Name,Decode(Sign(48 - Command),
1, To_Char(Command), 'Action Code #' || To_Char(Command)) Action,Status Session_Status, s.Osuser Os_User_Name, s.Sid, p.Spid,s.Serial# Serial_Num, Nvl(s.Username, '[Oracle process]') User_Name,
s.Terminal Terminal, s.Program Program, St.VALUE Criteria_Value
FROM V$sesstat St, V$session s, V$process p
WHERE St.Sid = s.Sid
AND St.Statistic# = To_Number('38')
AND ('ALL' = 'ALL' OR s.Status = 'ALL')
AND p.Addr = s.Paddr
ORDER BY St.VALUE DESC, p.Spid ASC, s.Username ASC, s.Osuser ASC

查看锁（lock）情况

SELECT /*+ RULE */ Ls.Osuser Os_User_Name, Ls.Username User_Name,Decode(Ls.TYPE,
'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock','TX', 'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') Lock_Type,o.Object_Name OBJECT,Decode(Ls.Lmode,1, NULL, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 'Row Exclusive',
4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive',NULL) Lock_Mode,o.Owner,
Ls.Sid, Ls.Serial# Serial_Num, Ls.Id1, Ls.Id2 FROM Sys.Dba_Objects o, 
(SELECT s.Osuser, s.Username, l.TYPE, l.Lmode, s.Sid, s.Serial#, l.Id1,l.Id2 FROM V$session s, V$lock l
WHERE s.Sid = l.Sid) Ls
WHERE o.Object_Id = Ls.Id1
AND o.Owner <> 'SYS'
ORDER BY o.Owner, o.Object_Name;

查看等待（wait）情况

SELECT Ws.CLASS, Ws.COUNT COUNT, SUM(Ss.VALUE) Sum_Value
FROM V$waitstat Ws, V$sysstat Ss
WHERE Ss.NAME IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets')
GROUP BY Ws.CLASS, Ws.COUNT;