AtomicInteger解析：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2359555[/url]
锁持有者管理器AbstractOwnableSynchronizer：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360109[/url]
AQS线程挂起辅助类LockSupport：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360206[/url]
AQS详解-CLH队列，线程等待状态：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360256[/url]
AQS-Condition详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360381[/url]
可重入锁ReentrantLock详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360411[/url]
CountDownLatch详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360597[/url]
CyclicBarrier详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360812[/url]
Semaphore详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2361033[/url]
由于ReentrantReadWriteLock的内容较多，今天我们先讲到这，后面再讲其余部分，先来总结一下先；
总结:
[color=green]Sync是ReentrantReadWriteLock实现读写锁的基础，Sync是基于AQS的实现，
内部有一个各读锁计数器（ThreadLocal），每个线程拥有自己的读写计数器，存储着线程持有读锁的数量。同时有一个缓存计数器，用于记录当前线程拥有的读锁数量。有一个firstReader用于记录第一个获取读锁的线程，firstReaderHoldCount记录第一个获取读锁线程的持有锁数量。SYNC将锁的状态int state分成两部分，分为高16位和低16位，高位表示共享读锁，低位是独占写锁；所以读锁和写锁的最大持有量为65535。线程只有在没有线程持有读锁且写锁状态为打开，即state为打开状态，或当前线程持有写锁的数量小于65535的情况下，获取写锁成功，否则失败。线程只有在其他线程没有持有写锁，且读锁的持有数量未达到65535，或当前线程持有写锁且没有读锁的持有数量未达到65535（即锁降级），则当前线程获取读锁成功，否则自旋等待。[/color]
ReentrantReadWriteLock详解后续：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2361528[/url]
锁持有者管理器AbstractOwnableSynchronizer：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360109[/url]
AQS线程挂起辅助类LockSupport：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360206[/url]
AQS详解-CLH队列，线程等待状态：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360256[/url]
AQS-Condition详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360381[/url]
可重入锁ReentrantLock详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360411[/url]
CountDownLatch详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360597[/url]
CyclicBarrier详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360812[/url]
Semaphore详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2361033[/url]
/*
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
*/
package java.util.concurrent.locks;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
import java.util.*;
/**
* An implementation of {@link ReadWriteLock} supporting similar
* semantics to {@link ReentrantLock}.
* <p>This class has the following properties:
*ReadWriteLock与ReentrantLock有着相似的性质
* [list]
* <li><b>Acquisition order</b>
*
* <p> This class does not impose a reader or writer preference
* ordering for lock access. However, it does support an optional
* [i]fairness[/i] policy.
*
ReadWriteLock不强调读写锁获取的顺序，但支持公平策略选型。
* <dl>
* <dt><b><i>Non-fair mode (default)</i></b>
* <dd>When constructed as non-fair (the default), the order of entry
* to the read and write lock is unspecified, subject to reentrancy
* constraints. A nonfair lock that is continuously contended may
* indefinitely postpone one or more reader or writer threads, but
* will normally have higher throughput than a fair lock.
* <p>
*
ReadWriteLock默认情况下，是非公平锁，线程获取读写锁的顺序是不确定的，主要是
根据可重入策略。非公平锁，会持续的竞争锁，也许会推迟其他线程获取读写锁，但是
，非公平策略的吞度量比公平锁要高。
* <dt><b><i>Fair mode</i></b>
* <dd> When constructed as fair, threads contend for entry using an
* approximately arrival-order policy. When the currently held lock
* is released either the longest-waiting single writer thread will
* be assigned the write lock, or if there is a group of reader threads
* waiting longer than all waiting writer threads, that group will be
* assigned the read lock.
*
公平模式下，线程获取锁的策略，近似先到先得的策略。如果锁持有者释放锁，等待最长的
写线程将会获取写锁，若果所有读线程等待的时间大于写线程，读线程组将会获取读锁。
* <p>A thread that tries to acquire a fair read lock (non-reentrantly)
* will block if either the write lock is held, or there is a waiting
* writer thread. The thread will not acquire the read lock until
* after the oldest currently waiting writer thread has acquired and
* released the write lock. Of course, if a waiting writer abandons
* its wait, leaving one or more reader threads as the longest waiters
* in the queue with the write lock free, then those readers will be
* assigned the read lock.
*
当一个线程尝试获取一个非重入的读锁，如果其他线程持有写锁，或有线程等待写锁，
将会阻塞。直到等待最久的写线程获取写锁，并释放，等待非重入读锁的线程才能获取锁。
当一个等待写线程取消等待，同时又一个或多个线程读线程等待读锁，写锁释放，那么这些
读线程将获取读锁。
* <p>A thread that tries to acquire a fair write lock (non-reentrantly)
* will block unless both the read lock and write lock are free (which
* implies there are no waiting threads). (Note that the non-blocking
* {@link ReadLock#tryLock()} and {@link WriteLock#tryLock()} methods
* do not honor this fair setting and will acquire the lock if it is
* possible, regardless of waiting threads.)
* <p>
* </dl>
*当一个线程尝试获取非重入的写锁时，除非写锁和读锁都没有线程在等待，
否则将会阻塞。非阻塞的读锁和写锁尝试获取锁的时候，并不是完全公平，
如果可能，将忽略等待线程，获取锁。
* <li><b>Reentrancy</b>
*
* <p>This lock allows both readers and writers to reacquire read or
* write locks in the style of a {@link ReentrantLock}. Non-reentrant
* readers are not allowed until all write locks held by the writing
* thread have been released.
如果锁是可重入的， ReadWriteLock允许读写线程重复获取锁。非重入锁的情况下，
读线程是不允许重复获取锁，直到所有持有写锁的线程，都释放写锁时。
*
* <p>Additionally, a writer can acquire the read lock, but not
* vice-versa. Among other applications, reentrancy can be useful
* when write locks are held during calls or callbacks to methods that
* perform reads under read locks. If a reader tries to acquire the
* write lock it will never succeed.
*
另外，一个写线程获取锁后，允许获取读锁，反之，则不行。在一些应用中，可重入策略
是非常有用的，比如当线程持有写锁时，调用方法或回调方法执行读操作。一个读线程尝试获取
写锁时，绝不不会成功滴。
* <li><b>Lock downgrading</b>
* <p>Reentrancy also allows downgrading from the write lock to a read lock,
* by acquiring the write lock, then the read lock and then releasing the
* write lock. However, upgrading from a read lock to the write lock is
* <b>not</b> possible.
*
锁降级，可重入策略下，通过一个线程在获取写锁的情况，获取读锁，然后释放写锁的方式，
允许线程从写锁降级到读锁。然而一个读锁升级到写锁是不可能发生的。
* <li><b>Interruption of lock acquisition</b>
* <p>The read lock and write lock both support interruption during lock
* acquisition.
*在获取锁的过程中，写锁和读锁都支持中断。
* <li><b>{@link Condition} support</b>
* <p>The write lock provides a {@link Condition} implementation that
* behaves in the same way, with respect to the write lock, as the
* {@link Condition} implementation provided by
* {@link ReentrantLock#newCondition} does for {@link ReentrantLock}.
* This {@link Condition} can, of course, only be used with the write lock.
*
条件支持，写锁通过ReentrantLock的newCondition提供了一个条件与写锁的功能相同，
这个条件只能用于写锁。
* <p>The read lock does not support a {@link Condition} and
* {@code readLock().newCondition()} throws
* {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.
*
写锁不支持条件，当调用readLock().newCondition()时，将抛出UnsupportedOperationException。
* <li><b>Instrumentation</b>
* <p>This class supports methods to determine whether locks
* are held or contended. These methods are designed for monitoring
* system state, not for synchronization control.
* [/list]
*
ReentrantReadWriteLock提供了一些方法，用于判断哪个线程持有锁和竞争锁。
这些方法主要是为了监控锁的系统状态，而不是为了同步控制。
* <p>Serialization of this class behaves in the same way as built-in
* locks: a deserialized lock is in the unlocked state, regardless of
* its state when serialized.
*
ReentrantReadWriteLock的序列化与locks相同，当反序列化时，锁处于打开状态，
而当序列化时，则忽略锁的状态。
* <p><b>Sample usages</b>. Here is a code sketch showing how to perform
* lock downgrading after updating a cache (exception handling is
* particularly tricky when handling multiple locks in a non-nested
* fashion):
*下面是一个实例用于展示，在更新缓存时，如何从一个写锁降级为读锁（
如果锁是一个非重入的模式，则抛出异常）
* <pre> {@code
* class CachedData {
* Object data;
* volatile boolean cacheValid;//缓冲是否有效
* final ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
*
* void processCachedData() {
* rwl.readLock().lock();
* if (!cacheValid) {
//如果缓存无效，则先释放读锁，再获取写锁
* // Must release read lock before acquiring write lock
* rwl.readLock().unlock();
* rwl.writeLock().lock();
* try {
//重新检查缓存是否有效，因为其他的线程也许会获取写锁，改变缓存状态
* // Recheck state because another thread might have
* // acquired write lock and changed state before we did.
* if (!cacheValid) {
* data = ...
* cacheValid = true;
* }
* // Downgrade by acquiring read lock before releasing write lock
//在释放写锁前，获取读锁
* rwl.readLock().lock();
* } finally {
* rwl.writeLock().unlock(); // Unlock write, still hold read
* }
* }
*
* try {
* use(data);
* } finally {
* rwl.readLock().unlock();
* }
* }
* }}</pre>
*
* ReentrantReadWriteLocks can be used to improve concurrency in some
* uses of some kinds of Collections. This is typically worthwhile
* only when the collections are expected to be large, accessed by
* more reader threads than writer threads, and entail operations with
* overhead that outweighs synchronization overhead. For example, here
* is a class using a TreeMap that is expected to be large and
* concurrently accessed.
*
ReentrantReadWriteLocks被用于改善一些集合类的并发。当一个集合类的读操作量较大，
而写操作较少时，ReentrantReadWriteLocks是非常值得用的。这里是一个TreeMap，需要
大量的并发访问。
* <pre>{@code
* class RWDictionary {
* private final Map<String, Data> m = new TreeMap<String, Data>();
* private final ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
* private final Lock r = rwl.readLock();
* private final Lock w = rwl.writeLock();
*
* public Data get(String key) {
* r.lock();
* try { return m.get(key); }
* finally { r.unlock(); }
* }
* public String[] allKeys() {
* r.lock();
* try { return m.keySet().toArray(); }
* finally { r.unlock(); }
* }
* public Data put(String key, Data value) {
* w.lock();
* try { return m.put(key, value); }
* finally { w.unlock(); }
* }
* public void clear() {
* w.lock();
* try { m.clear(); }
* finally { w.unlock(); }
* }
* }}</pre>
*
* <h3>Implementation Notes</h3>
*
* <p>This lock supports a maximum of 65535 recursive write locks
* and 65535 read locks. Attempts to exceed these limits result in
* {@link Error} throws from locking methods.
*
这个锁支持一个线程在持有读锁和写锁的情况下，可连续获取读锁和写锁的次数为
65535=2^16-1。当尝试获取锁的超过这个限制，获取锁方法将抛出错误。
* @since 1.5
* @author Doug Lea
*
*/
public class ReentrantReadWriteLock
implements ReadWriteLock, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6992448646407690164L;
/** Inner class providing readlock 读锁内部类 */
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readerLock;
/** Inner class providing writelock 写锁内部类*/
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writerLock;
/** Performs all synchronization mechanics 实现读写锁机制的同步器*/
final Sync sync;
/**
* Creates a new {@code ReentrantReadWriteLock} with
* default (nonfair) ordering properties.
*/
public ReentrantReadWriteLock() {
//默认创建的是非公平锁
this(false);
}
/**
* Creates a new {@code ReentrantReadWriteLock} with
* the given fairness policy.
*带公平性参数的构造
* @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
*/
public ReentrantReadWriteLock(boolean fair) {
sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
readerLock = new ReadLock(this);
writerLock = new WriteLock(this);
}
//获取读写锁
public ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock() { return writerLock; }
public ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock() { return readerLock; }
}
来看ReentrantReadWriteLock的内部同步器SYNC
/**
* Synchronization implementation for ReentrantReadWriteLock.
* Subclassed into fair and nonfair versions.
ReentrantReadWriteLock的同步锁的实现，有公平和非公平两个版本。
*/
abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6317671515068378041L;
/*
* Read vs write count extraction constants and functions.
* Lock state is logically divided into two unsigned shorts:
* The lower one representing the exclusive (writer) lock hold count,
* and the upper the shared (reader) hold count.
读写锁常量，锁的状态将一个int分成两部分，低16表示互斥写锁可持有的数量，
高16位表示共享读锁，可持有的数量。
*/
static final int SHARED_SHIFT = 16;
static final int SHARED_UNIT = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT);
static final int MAX_COUNT = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;//65535
static final int EXCLUSIVE_MASK = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;//65535
/** Returns the number of shared holds represented in count 共享读 锁数量 */
static int sharedCount(int c) { return c >>> SHARED_SHIFT; }
/** Returns the number of exclusive holds represented in count 互斥写锁数量*/
static int exclusiveCount(int c) { return c & EXCLUSIVE_MASK; }
/**
* A counter for per-thread read hold counts.
* Maintained as a ThreadLocal; cached in cachedHoldCounter
每个读线程持有共享读锁的数量计数器，维持一个ThreadLocal变量，缓存在cachedHoldCounter
*/
static final class HoldCounter {
int count = 0;
// Use id, not reference, to avoid garbage retention
//用long的id，而不是reference，为了防止产生不可回收的垃圾
final long tid = Thread.currentThread().getId();
}
/**
* ThreadLocal subclass. Easiest to explicitly define for sake
* of deserialization mechanics.
线程持有锁数量
*/
static final class ThreadLocalHoldCounter
extends ThreadLocal<HoldCounter> {
public HoldCounter initialValue() {
return new HoldCounter();
}
}
/**
* The number of reentrant read locks held by current thread.
* Initialized only in constructor and readObject.
* Removed whenever a thread's read hold count drops to 0.
当前线程拥有的可重入读锁数量，初始化在构造和readObject方法中，
当一个线程持有读锁的数量为0时，移除readHolds。
*/
private transient ThreadLocalHoldCounter readHolds;
/**
* The hold count of the last thread to successfully acquire
* readLock. This saves ThreadLocal lookup in the common case
* where the next thread to release is the last one to
* acquire. This is non-volatile since it is just used
* as a heuristic, and would be great for threads to cache.
*最后一个成功获取读锁，持有读锁数量。在后继线程释放最后一个获取的读锁时，
记录线程本地读锁持有数量，cachedHoldCounter是non-volatile。
* <p>Can outlive the Thread for which it is caching the read
* hold count, but avoids garbage retention by not retaining a
* reference to the Thread.
* 用于缓存存活线程读锁的持有量，同时避免线程引用产生的垃圾。
* <p>Accessed via a benign data race; relies on the memory
* model's final field and out-of-thin-air guarantees.
*/
private transient HoldCounter cachedHoldCounter;
/**
* firstReader is the first thread to have acquired the read lock.
* firstReaderHoldCount is firstReader's hold count.
*第一个获取读锁的线程，和持有读锁的数量
* <p>More precisely, firstReader is the unique thread that last
* changed the shared count from 0 to 1, and has not released the
* read lock since then; null if there is no such thread.
*第一个获取读锁的读线程，是第一个将共享锁状态从0变到1，同时没有释放读锁，没有这样的线程，则为null
* <p>Cannot cause garbage retention unless the thread terminated
* without relinquishing its read locks, since tryReleaseShared
* sets it to null.
* 不会引起内存垃圾，由于当一个线程未放弃获取读锁，同时中断线程，从tryReleaseShared可以看到，为null
* <p>Accessed via a benign data race; relies on the memory
* model's out-of-thin-air guarantees for references.
*
* <p>This allows tracking of read holds for uncontended read
* locks to be very cheap.
*/
private transient Thread firstReader = null;
private transient int firstReaderHoldCount;
Sync() {
//在同步器的构造中，初始化读线程本地锁持有数量计数器
readHolds = new ThreadLocalHoldCounter();
setState(getState()); // ensures visibility of readHolds
}
/*
* Acquires and releases use the same code for fair and
* nonfair locks, but differ in whether/how they allow barging
* when queues are non-empty.
*/
获取和释放公平锁和非公平锁，我们用相同代码实现，不同的是等队列不为空时，
他们的竞争方式。
/**
* Returns true if the current thread, when trying to acquire
* the read lock, and otherwise eligible to do so, should block
* because of policy for overtaking other waiting threads.
*/
如果当前线程尝试获取读锁，根据等待线程负载策略，其他的线程成为获取的锁
的最优选择，则阻塞当前线程。
abstract boolean readerShouldBlock();
/**
* Returns true if the current thread, when trying to acquire
* the write lock, and otherwise eligible to do so, should block
* because of policy for overtaking other waiting threads.
*/
当前线程尝试获取写锁时，是否应该阻塞，根据等待线程负载策略，其他的线程成为获取的锁
的最优选择，则阻塞当前线程。
abstract boolean writerShouldBlock();
/*
* Note that tryRelease and tryAcquire can be called by
* Conditions. So it is possible that their arguments contain
* both read and write holds that are all released during a
* condition wait and re-established in tryAcquire.
*/
尝试获取和释放方法可以被Condition调用。releases参数包括
在条件等待下，重新尝试获取锁期间释放的锁。
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
if (!isHeldExclusively())
//如果非独占锁，抛出异常
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
int nextc = getState() - releases;
boolean free = exclusiveCount(nextc) == 0;
if (free)
//如果释放锁后，锁的状态为0，则锁处于打开状态
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
setState(nextc);
return free;
}
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
/*
* Walkthrough:
* 1. If read count nonzero or write count nonzero
* and owner is a different thread, fail.
* 2. If count would saturate, fail. (This can only
* happen if count is already nonzero.)
* 3. Otherwise, this thread is eligible for lock if
* it is either a reentrant acquire or
* queue policy allows it. If so, update state
* and set owner.
1.当读锁和写锁的数量为非零，且持有者非当前线程，获取失败；
2.当读写锁数量达到最大值65535时，后去失败
3.如果其他队列线程尝试获取锁，根据队列策略，当前线程是合格线程，
则获取成功，更新锁状态，设置锁持有者。
*/
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
int w = exclusiveCount(c);
if (c != 0) {
// (Note: if c != 0 and w == 0 then shared count != 0)
//当前锁状态不为0，且写锁不为0且当前线程非锁持有者，获取失败
if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
return false;
//如果持有写锁数量，大于65535，抛出错误
if (w + exclusiveCount(acquires) > MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
// Reentrant acquire
否则更新锁状态，获取成功
//setState(c + acquires);
return true;
}
//如果锁状态为打开状态，当前线程不应该阻塞，则获取锁成功，更新写锁状态
if (writerShouldBlock() ||
!compareAndSetState(c, c + acquires))
return false;
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
//尝试释放共享锁
protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
if (firstReader == current) {
// assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
//如果第一个获取读锁的线程为当前线程，持有锁数量为1，则释放成功，否则，
//锁持有数量减1
if (firstReaderHoldCount == 1)
firstReader = null;
else
firstReaderHoldCount--;
} else {
//如果当前线程非读锁持有者
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
//如果线程持有一定数量的读锁，且非当前线程，
//从读锁计数器中，获取当前线程持有数量
rh = readHolds.get();
int count = rh.count;
if (count <= 1) {
//如果持有数量小于等于1，则从读锁计数器中移除当前线程
readHolds.remove();
if (count <= 0)
throw unmatchedUnlockException();
}
--rh.count;
}
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
int nextc = c - SHARED_UNIT;
if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
// Releasing the read lock has no effect on readers,
// but it may allow waiting writers to proceed if
// both read and write locks are now free.
/*释放读锁对读线程没有任何影响，对于写线程获取写锁，
需要读锁和写锁都可用。
return nextc == 0;
}
}
//不匹配打开条件
private IllegalMonitorStateException unmatchedUnlockException() {
return new IllegalMonitorStateException(
"attempt to unlock read lock, not locked by current thread");
}
//尝试获取共享锁
protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
/*
* Walkthrough:
* 1. If write lock held by another thread, fail.
* 2. Otherwise, this thread is eligible for
* lock wrt state, so ask if it should block
* because of queue policy. If not, try
* to grant by CASing state and updating count.
* Note that step does not check for reentrant
* acquires, which is postponed to full version
* to avoid having to check hold count in
* the more typical non-reentrant case.
* 3. If step 2 fails either because thread
* apparently not eligible or CAS fails or count
* saturated, chain to version with full retry loop.
1.如果写锁被其他线程持有，则失败；
2.如果持有写锁，根据队列策略，判断是否应该阻塞，如果不应该阻塞，
则尝试更新锁状态，这个过程不会检查尝试获取锁的竞争者，这个是
为了延迟full version以避免检查非重入锁的锁持有数量
3.如果第二步，失败则进入自旋等待
*/
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
//如果写锁非打开状态，且当前线程非写锁持有者，则获取读锁失败。
return -1;
int r = sharedCount(c);
if (!readerShouldBlock() &&
r < MAX_COUNT &&
compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
//如果根据队列策略不应该阻塞，且读锁可用，更新读锁状态
if (r == 0) {
//如果是一个获取读锁的线程，则设置firstReader为当前线程
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
} else if (firstReader == current) {
//如果firstReader为当前线程，则线程持有读锁数量加1
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
//如果当前线程非firstReader，从读锁缓存计数器，获取当前线程计数器，
//如果从线程技术器为null，或计数器线程id非当前线程，
//从线程读锁计数器后去，本地线程计数器，读锁持有数量+1
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
rh.count++;
}
return 1;
}
//否则，自旋尝试获取共享读锁
return fullTryAcquireShared(current);
}
/**
* Full version of acquire for reads, that handles CAS misses
* and reentrant reads not dealt with in tryAcquireShared.
自旋尝试获取读锁，处理CAS操作遗漏或重入的读线程没有tryAcquireShared
*/
final int fullTryAcquireShared(Thread current) {
/*
* This code is in part redundant with that in
* tryAcquireShared but is simpler overall by not
* complicating tryAcquireShared with interactions between
* retries and lazily reading hold counts.
这是tryAcquireShared的一个补充，当阻塞获取读锁时，自旋等待，延迟尝试获取读锁
和更新读锁持有者
*/
HoldCounter rh = null;
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0) {
if (getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
//如果写非打开状态，且非写锁持有，获取失败
return -1;
// else we hold the exclusive lock; blocking here
// would cause deadlock.
} else if (readerShouldBlock()) {
//如果应该阻塞获取读锁，则判断firstReader是否为当前线程，
//如果是，什么都不做，应为读锁是非重入的
// Make sure we're not acquiring read lock reentrantly
if (firstReader == current) {
// assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
} else {
if (rh == null) {
//从线程计算器缓存获取，线程计数器
rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId()) {
//如果为null，且非当前线程，从读锁计数器，获取本地线程计数器
rh = readHolds.get();
if (rh.count == 0)
//如果读锁持有量为0，则从读锁计数器，移除本地计数器
readHolds.remove();
}
}
if (rh.count == 0)
return -1;
}
}
//如果线程为写锁持有者，当共享读锁达到65535时，抛出错误
if (sharedCount(c) == MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
//否则获取锁成功，这一段与tryAcquireShared成功获取读锁一样，不再讲
if (sharedCount(c) == 0) {
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
} else if (firstReader == current) {
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {
if (rh == null)
rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
rh.count++;
cachedHoldCounter = rh; // cache for release
}
return 1;
}
}
}
/**
* Performs tryLock for write, enabling barging in both modes.
* This is identical in effect to tryAcquire except for lack
* of calls to writerShouldBlock.
尝试获取写锁，与tryAcquire非阻塞时的代码相同
*/
final boolean tryWriteLock() {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
if (c != 0) {
int w = exclusiveCount(c);
if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
//如果写锁为关闭状态，且持有者非当前线程，获取失败
return false;
if (w == MAX_COUNT)
//如果写锁持有数量为65535，则抛出错误。
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
}
if (!compareAndSetState(c, c + 1))
//更新锁状态失败，则获取写锁失败
return false;
//设置锁持有者为当前线程。
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
/**
* Performs tryLock for read, enabling barging in both modes.
* This is identical in effect to tryAcquireShared except for
* lack of calls to readerShouldBlock.
自旋尝试获取读锁，这个与tryAcquireShared中的当线程不应该阻塞时的代码一样
*/
final boolean tryReadLock() {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
return false;
int r = sharedCount(c);
if (r == MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
if (r == 0) {
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
} else if (firstReader == current) {
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
rh.count++;
}
return true;
}
}
}
//是否是线程持有者
protected final boolean isHeldExclusively() {
// While we must in general read state before owner,
// we don't need to do so to check if current thread is owner
return getExclusiveOwnerThread() == Thread.currentThread();
}
// Methods relayed to outer class
//创建条件
final ConditionObject newCondition() {
return new ConditionObject();
}
//获取写锁持有者
final Thread getOwner() {
// Must read state before owner to ensure memory consistency
return ((exclusiveCount(getState()) == 0) ?
null :
getExclusiveOwnerThread());
}
//获取读锁状态
final int getReadLockCount() {
return sharedCount(getState());
}
//是否处于写模式
final boolean isWriteLocked() {
return exclusiveCount(getState()) != 0;
}
//获取写锁状态
final int getWriteHoldCount() {
return isHeldExclusively() ? exclusiveCount(getState()) : 0;
}
//获取当前线程持有读锁的数量
final int getReadHoldCount() {
if (getReadLockCount() == 0)
return 0;
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
if (firstReader == current)
return firstReaderHoldCount;
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh != null && rh.tid == current.getId())
return rh.count;
int count = readHolds.get().count;
if (count == 0) readHolds.remove();
return count;
}
/**
* Reconstitute this lock instance from a stream
* @param s the stream，反序列化
*/
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
s.defaultReadObject();
readHolds = new ThreadLocalHoldCounter();
//读锁计算器，为新建，锁状态为打开
setState(0); // reset to unlocked state
}
//获取锁状态
final int getCount() { return getState(); }
}
}由于ReentrantReadWriteLock的内容较多，今天我们先讲到这，后面再讲其余部分，先来总结一下先；
总结:
[color=green]Sync是ReentrantReadWriteLock实现读写锁的基础，Sync是基于AQS的实现，
内部有一个各读锁计数器（ThreadLocal），每个线程拥有自己的读写计数器，存储着线程持有读锁的数量。同时有一个缓存计数器，用于记录当前线程拥有的读锁数量。有一个firstReader用于记录第一个获取读锁的线程，firstReaderHoldCount记录第一个获取读锁线程的持有锁数量。SYNC将锁的状态int state分成两部分，分为高16位和低16位，高位表示共享读锁，低位是独占写锁；所以读锁和写锁的最大持有量为65535。线程只有在没有线程持有读锁且写锁状态为打开，即state为打开状态，或当前线程持有写锁的数量小于65535的情况下，获取写锁成功，否则失败。线程只有在其他线程没有持有写锁，且读锁的持有数量未达到65535，或当前线程持有写锁且没有读锁的持有数量未达到65535（即锁降级），则当前线程获取读锁成功，否则自旋等待。[/color]
ReentrantReadWriteLock详解后续：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2361528[/url]
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