ReentrantReadWriteLock详解后续

AtomicInteger解析：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2359555[/url]
锁持有者管理器AbstractOwnableSynchronizer：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360109[/url]
AQS线程挂起辅助类LockSupport：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360206[/url]
AQS详解-CLH队列，线程等待状态：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360256[/url]
AQS-Condition详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360381[/url]
可重入锁ReentrantLock详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360411[/url]
CountDownLatch详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360597[/url]
CyclicBarrier详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2360812[/url]
Semaphore详解：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2361033[/url]
ReentrantReadWriteLock详解一：[url]http://donald-draper.iteye.com/blog/2361521[/url]
上篇我们讲了ReentrantReadWriteLock实现读写锁的基础Sync，今天我们来看剩余的部分公平锁，非公平锁读锁和写锁。先回顾一下上一篇先：
Sync是ReentrantReadWriteLock实现读写锁的基础，Sync是基于AQS的实现，内部有一个各读锁计数器（ThreadLocal），每个线程拥有自己的读写计数器，存储着线程持有读锁的数量。同时有一个缓存计数器，用于记录当前线程拥有的读锁数量。有一个firstReader用于记录第一个获取读锁的线程，firstReaderHoldCount记录第一个获取读锁线程的持有锁数量。SYNC将锁的状态int state分成两部分，分为高16位和低16位，高位表示共享读锁，低位是独占写锁；所以读锁和写锁的最大持有量为65535。线程只有在没有线程持有读锁且写锁状态为打开，即state为打开状态，或当前线程持有写锁的数量小于65535的情况下，获取写锁成功，否则失败。线程只有在其他线程没有持有写锁，且读锁的持有数量未达到65535，或当前线程持有写锁且没有读锁的持有数量未达到65535（即锁降级），则当前线程获取读锁成功，否则自旋等待。

先来看非公平锁

 /**
     * Nonfair version of Sync
     */
    static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -8159625535654395037L;
        final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
            return false; // writers can always barge
	    //从非公平锁的writerShouldBlock，可以看出尝试获取写锁时，首先获取写锁
        }
        final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
            /* As a heuristic to avoid indefinite writer starvation,
             * block if the thread that momentarily appears to be head
             * of queue, if one exists, is a waiting writer.  This is
             * only a probabilistic effect since a new reader will not
             * block if there is a waiting writer behind other enabled
             * readers that have not yet drained from the queue.
	     判断等待队列第一个节点线程是不是在等待独占模式线程，即如果等待队列的
	     第一个节点线程，在等待写锁，则阻塞读锁的获取，否则不阻塞。
             */
            return apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive();
        }
    }
//AQS
     /**
     * Returns {@code true} if the apparent first queued thread, if one
     * exists, is waiting in exclusive mode.  If this method returns
     * {@code true}, and the current thread is attempting to acquire in
     * shared mode (that is, this method is invoked from {@link
     * #tryAcquireShared}) then it is guaranteed that the current thread
     * is not the first queued thread.  Used only as a heuristic in
     * ReentrantReadWriteLock.
     此方的意思是，等待队列第一个节点线程是不是在等待独占模式线程，
     用于ReentrantReadWriteLock
     */
    final boolean apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive() {
        Node h, s;
	//如果，队列傀儡头节点不为null，且队列第一个节点不为null，
	//且是等待独占锁，且等待线程不为null，则返回true
        return (h = head) != null &&
            (s = h.next)  != null &&
            !s.isShared()         &&
            s.thread != null;
    }

再来看公平锁

/**
     * Fair version of Sync
     */
    static final class FairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -2274990926593161451L;
        final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
	    //判断等待队列是否有节点线程在等待。
            return hasQueuedPredecessors();
        }
        final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
	    //判断等待队列是否有节点线程在等待。
            return hasQueuedPredecessors();
        }
    }

小节：
从公平锁和非公平锁的可以看出公平锁时先判断队列中是否有线程在等待，有则阻塞获取读锁和写锁。而非公平锁，则直接获取写锁；获取读锁时，判断等待队列第一个节点线程是不是在等待独占模式线程，即如果等待队列的第一个节点线程，在等待写锁，则阻塞读锁的获取，否则不阻塞。

来看读锁

/**
     * The lock returned by method {@link ReentrantReadWriteLock#readLock}.
     */
    public static class ReadLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -5992448646407690164L;
	//内部读锁的同步器sync
        private final Sync sync;

        /**
         * Constructor for use by subclasses
         *
         * @param lock the outer lock object
         * @throws NullPointerException if the lock is null
	 读锁实际上是ReentrantReadWriteLock的内部sync
         */
        protected ReadLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
            sync = lock.sync;
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the read lock.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
         * another thread and returns immediately.
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then
         * the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
         * purposes and lies dormant until the read lock has been acquired.
	 获取锁
         */

        public void lock() {
            sync.acquireShared(1);
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the read lock unless the current thread is
         * {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held
         * by another thread and returns immediately.
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then the
         * current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
         * purposes and lies dormant until one of two things happens:
         *
         * [list]
         *
         * <li>The read lock is acquired by the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
         * the current thread.
         *
         * [/list]
         *
         * <p>If the current thread:
         *
         * [list]
         *
         * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
         *
         * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
         * acquiring the read lock,
         *
         * [/list]
         *
         * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current
         * thread's interrupted status is cleared.
         *
         * <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
         * interruption point, preference is given to responding to
         * the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
         * lock.
         *可中断方式获取锁
         * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
         */
        public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
            sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the read lock only if the write lock is not held by
         * another thread at the time of invocation.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
         * another thread and returns immediately with the value
         * {@code true}. Even when this lock has been set to use a
         * fair ordering policy, a call to {@code tryLock()}
         * [i]will[/i] immediately acquire the read lock if it is
         * available, whether or not other threads are currently
         * waiting for the read lock.  This "barging" behavior
         * can be useful in certain circumstances, even though it
         * breaks fairness. If you want to honor the fairness setting
         * for this lock, then use {@link #tryLock(long, TimeUnit)
         * tryLock(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS) } which is almost equivalent
         * (it also detects interruption).
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then
         * this method will return immediately with the value
         * {@code false}.
         *尝试获取读锁
         * @return {@code true} if the read lock was acquired
         */
        public  boolean tryLock() {
            return sync.tryReadLock();
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
         * another thread within the given waiting time and the
         * current thread has not been {@linkplain Thread#interrupt
         * interrupted}.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
         * another thread and returns immediately with the value
         * {@code true}. If this lock has been set to use a fair
         * ordering policy then an available lock [i]will not[/i] be
         * acquired if any other threads are waiting for the
         * lock. This is in contrast to the {@link #tryLock()}
         * method. If you want a timed {@code tryLock} that does
         * permit barging on a fair lock then combine the timed and
         * un-timed forms together:
         *
         * <pre>if (lock.tryLock() || lock.tryLock(timeout, unit) ) { ... }
         * </pre>
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then the
         * current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
         * purposes and lies dormant until one of three things happens:
         *
         * [list]
         *
         * <li>The read lock is acquired by the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
         * the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>The specified waiting time elapses.
         *
         * [/list]
         *
         * <p>If the read lock is acquired then the value {@code true} is
         * returned.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread:
         *
         * [list]
         *
         * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
         *
         * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
         * acquiring the read lock,
         *
         * [/list] then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the
         * current thread's interrupted status is cleared.
         *
         * <p>If the specified waiting time elapses then the value
         * {@code false} is returned.  If the time is less than or
         * equal to zero, the method will not wait at all.
         *
         * <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
         * interruption point, preference is given to responding to
         * the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
         * lock, and over reporting the elapse of the waiting time.
         *尝试获取读锁，直到超时
         * @param timeout the time to wait for the read lock
         * @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
         * @return {@code true} if the read lock was acquired
         * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
         * @throws NullPointerException if the time unit is null
         *
         */
        public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
                throws InterruptedException {
            return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
        }

        /**
         * Attempts to release this lock.
         *释放读锁
         * <p> If the number of readers is now zero then the lock
         * is made available for write lock attempts.
         */
        public  void unlock() {
            sync.releaseShared(1);
        }

        /**
         * Throws {@code UnsupportedOperationException} because
         * {@code ReadLocks} do not support conditions.
         *创建条件
         * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always
         */
        public Condition newCondition() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        /**
         * Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state.
         * The state, in brackets, includes the String {@code "Read locks ="}
         * followed by the number of held read locks.
         *
         * @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
         */
        public String toString() {
            int r = sync.getReadLockCount();
            return super.toString() +
                "[Read locks = " + r + "]";
        }
    }

从上面可以看出ReadLock的同步实现是基于ReentrantReadWriteLock的内部SYNC的实现，尝试获取共享读锁和获取读锁，超时获取共享读锁，可中断获取方式与我们前几篇文章CountDownLatch，CyclicBarrier原理基本相同这里不再详解。

再来看写锁

/**
     * The lock returned by method {@link ReentrantReadWriteLock#writeLock}.
     */
    public static class WriteLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -4992448646407690164L;
	//ReentrantReadWriteLock的内部同步器sync
        private final Sync sync;

        /**
         * Constructor for use by subclasses
         * 
         * @param lock the outer lock object
         * @throws NullPointerException if the lock is null
         */
        protected WriteLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
            sync = lock.sync;
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the write lock.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
         * are held by another thread
         * and returns immediately, setting the write lock hold count to
         * one.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread already holds the write lock then the
         * hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
         * immediately.
         *获取写锁
         * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the current
         * thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and
         * lies dormant until the write lock has been acquired, at which
         * time the write lock hold count is set to one.
         */
        public void lock() {
            sync.acquire(1);
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the write lock unless the current thread is
         * {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
         * are held by another thread
         * and returns immediately, setting the write lock hold count to
         * one.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread already holds this lock then the
         * hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
         * immediately.
         *
         * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the current
         * thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and
         * lies dormant until one of two things happens:
         *
         * [list]
         *
         * <li>The write lock is acquired by the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
         * the current thread.
         *
         * [/list]
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is acquired by the current thread then the
         * lock hold count is set to one.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread:
         *
         * [list]
         *
         * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method;
         * or
         *
         * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
         * acquiring the write lock,
         *
         * [/list]
         *
         * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current
         * thread's interrupted status is cleared.
         *
         * <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
         * interruption point, preference is given to responding to
         * the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
         * lock.
         *以可中断方式获取写锁
         * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
         */
        public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
            sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the write lock only if it is not held by another thread
         * at the time of invocation.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
         * are held by another thread
         * and returns immediately with the value {@code true},
         * setting the write lock hold count to one. Even when this lock has
         * been set to use a fair ordering policy, a call to
         * {@code tryLock()} [i]will[/i] immediately acquire the
         * lock if it is available, whether or not other threads are
         * currently waiting for the write lock.  This "barging"
         * behavior can be useful in certain circumstances, even
         * though it breaks fairness. If you want to honor the
         * fairness setting for this lock, then use {@link
         * #tryLock(long, TimeUnit) tryLock(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS) }
         * which is almost equivalent (it also detects interruption).
         *
         * <p> If the current thread already holds this lock then the
         * hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
         * {@code true}.
         *
         * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then this method
         * will return immediately with the value {@code false}.
         *尝试获取写锁
         * @return {@code true} if the lock was free and was acquired
         * by the current thread, or the write lock was already held
         * by the current thread; and {@code false} otherwise.
         */
        public boolean tryLock( ) {
            return sync.tryWriteLock();
        }

        /**
         * Acquires the write lock if it is not held by another thread
         * within the given waiting time and the current thread has
         * not been {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
         *
         * <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
         * are held by another thread
         * and returns immediately with the value {@code true},
         * setting the write lock hold count to one. If this lock has been
         * set to use a fair ordering policy then an available lock
         * [i]will not[/i] be acquired if any other threads are
         * waiting for the write lock. This is in contrast to the {@link
         * #tryLock()} method. If you want a timed {@code tryLock}
         * that does permit barging on a fair lock then combine the
         * timed and un-timed forms together:
         *
         * <pre>if (lock.tryLock() || lock.tryLock(timeout, unit) ) { ... }
         * </pre>
         *
         * <p>If the current thread already holds this lock then the
         * hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
         * {@code true}.
         *
         * <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the current
         * thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and
         * lies dormant until one of three things happens:
         *
         * [list]
         *
         * <li>The write lock is acquired by the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
         * the current thread; or
         *
         * <li>The specified waiting time elapses
         *
         * [/list]
         *
         * <p>If the write lock is acquired then the value {@code true} is
         * returned and the write lock hold count is set to one.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread:
         *
         * [list]
         *
         * <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method;
         * or
         *
         * <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
         * acquiring the write lock,
         *
         * [/list]
         *
         * then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current
         * thread's interrupted status is cleared.
         *
         * <p>If the specified waiting time elapses then the value
         * {@code false} is returned.  If the time is less than or
         * equal to zero, the method will not wait at all.
         *
         * <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
         * interruption point, preference is given to responding to
         * the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
         * lock, and over reporting the elapse of the waiting time.
         *
         * @param timeout the time to wait for the write lock
         * @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
         *
         * @return {@code true} if the lock was free and was acquired
         * by the current thread, or the write lock was already held by the
         * current thread; and {@code false} if the waiting time
         * elapsed before the lock could be acquired.
         *
         * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
         * @throws NullPointerException if the time unit is null
	 尝试超时获取写锁
         *
         */
        public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
                throws InterruptedException {
            return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
        }

        /**
         * Attempts to release this lock.
         *
         * <p>If the current thread is the holder of this lock then
         * the hold count is decremented. If the hold count is now
         * zero then the lock is released.  If the current thread is
         * not the holder of this lock then {@link
         * IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown.
         *释放写锁
         * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if the current thread does not
         * hold this lock.
         */
        public void unlock() {
            sync.release(1);
        }

        /**
         * Returns a {@link Condition} instance for use with this
         * {@link Lock} instance.
         * <p>The returned {@link Condition} instance supports the same
         * usages as do the {@link Object} monitor methods ({@link
         * Object#wait() wait}, {@link Object#notify notify}, and {@link
         * Object#notifyAll notifyAll}) when used with the built-in
         * monitor lock.
         *
         * [list]
         *
         * <li>If this write lock is not held when any {@link
         * Condition} method is called then an {@link
         * IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown.  (Read locks are
         * held independently of write locks, so are not checked or
         * affected. However it is essentially always an error to
         * invoke a condition waiting method when the current thread
         * has also acquired read locks, since other threads that
         * could unblock it will not be able to acquire the write
         * lock.)
         *
         * <li>When the condition {@linkplain Condition#await() waiting}
         * methods are called the write lock is released and, before
         * they return, the write lock is reacquired and the lock hold
         * count restored to what it was when the method was called.
         *
         * <li>If a thread is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
         * waiting then the wait will terminate, an {@link
         * InterruptedException} will be thrown, and the thread's
         * interrupted status will be cleared.
         *
         * <li> Waiting threads are signalled in FIFO order.
         *
         * <li>The ordering of lock reacquisition for threads returning
         * from waiting methods is the same as for threads initially
         * acquiring the lock, which is in the default case not specified,
         * but for [i]fair[/i] locks favors those threads that have been
         * waiting the longest.
         *
         * [/list]
         *创建条件
         * @return the Condition object
         */
        public Condition newCondition() {
            return sync.newCondition();
        }

        /**
         * Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock
         * state.  The state, in brackets includes either the String
         * {@code "Unlocked"} or the String {@code "Locked by"}
         * followed by the {@linkplain Thread#getName name} of the owning thread.
         *
         * @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
         */
        public String toString() {
            Thread o = sync.getOwner();
            return super.toString() + ((o == null) ?
                                       "[Unlocked]" :
                                       "[Locked by thread " + o.getName() + "]");
        }

        /**
         * Queries if this write lock is held by the current thread.
         * Identical in effect to {@link
         * ReentrantReadWriteLock#isWriteLockedByCurrentThread}.
         *
         * @return {@code true} if the current thread holds this lock and
         *         {@code false} otherwise
         * @since 1.6
         */
        public boolean isHeldByCurrentThread() {
            return sync.isHeldExclusively();
        }

        /**
         * Queries the number of holds on this write lock by the current
         * thread.  A thread has a hold on a lock for each lock action
         * that is not matched by an unlock action.  Identical in effect
         * to {@link ReentrantReadWriteLock#getWriteHoldCount}.
         *
         * @return the number of holds on this lock by the current thread,
         *         or zero if this lock is not held by the current thread
         * @since 1.6
         */
        public int getHoldCount() {
            return sync.getWriteHoldCount();
        }
    }

从上面可以看出WriteLock的同步实现是基于ReentrantReadWriteLock的内部SYNC的实现，尝试获取写锁和获取写锁， 超时获取写锁，可中断写锁与我们前面的文章ReentrantLock原理基本相同这里不再详解。

  /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this lock has fairness set true.
     * 锁是否为公平锁
     * @return {@code true} if this lock has fairness set true
     */
    public final boolean isFair() {
        return sync instanceof FairSync;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the thread that currently owns the write lock, or
     * {@code null} if not owned. When this method is called by a
     * thread that is not the owner, the return value reflects a
     * best-effort approximation of current lock status. For example,
     * the owner may be momentarily {@code null} even if there are
     * threads trying to acquire the lock but have not yet done so.
     * This method is designed to facilitate construction of
     * subclasses that provide more extensive lock monitoring
     * facilities.
     *获取锁的持有者
     * @return the owner, or {@code null} if not owned
     */
    protected Thread getOwner() {
        return sync.getOwner();
    }

    /**
     * Queries the number of read locks held for this lock. This
     * method is designed for use in monitoring system state, not for
     * synchronization control.
     * @return the number of read locks held.
     获取读锁数量
     */
    public int getReadLockCount() {
        return sync.getReadLockCount();
    }

    /**
     * Queries if the write lock is held by any thread. This method is
     * designed for use in monitoring system state, not for
     * synchronization control.
     *
     是否被写锁锁住
     * @return {@code true} if any thread holds the write lock and
     *         {@code false} otherwise
     */
    public boolean isWriteLocked() {
        return sync.isWriteLocked();
    }

    /**
     * Queries if the write lock is held by the current thread.
     *写锁是否被当前线程持有
     * @return {@code true} if the current thread holds the write lock and
     *         {@code false} otherwise
     */
    public boolean isWriteLockedByCurrentThread() {
        return sync.isHeldExclusively();
    }

    /**
     * Queries the number of reentrant write holds on this lock by the
     * current thread.  A writer thread has a hold on a lock for
     * each lock action that is not matched by an unlock action.
     *获取写持有量
     * @return the number of holds on the write lock by the current thread,
     *         or zero if the write lock is not held by the current thread
     */
    public int getWriteHoldCount() {
        return sync.getWriteHoldCount();
    }

    /**
     * Queries the number of reentrant read holds on this lock by the
     * current thread.  A reader thread has a hold on a lock for
     * each lock action that is not matched by an unlock action.
     *获取读锁持有量
     * @return the number of holds on the read lock by the current thread,
     *         or zero if the read lock is not held by the current thread
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public int getReadHoldCount() {
        return sync.getReadHoldCount();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
     * acquire the write lock.  Because the actual set of threads may
     * change dynamically while constructing this result, the returned
     * collection is only a best-effort estimate.  The elements of the
     * returned collection are in no particular order.  This method is
     * designed to facilitate construction of subclasses that provide
     * more extensive lock monitoring facilities.
     *获取独占写锁等待线程集
     * @return the collection of threads
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedWriterThreads() {
        return sync.getExclusiveQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
     * acquire the read lock.  Because the actual set of threads may
     * change dynamically while constructing this result, the returned
     * collection is only a best-effort estimate.  The elements of the
     * returned collection are in no particular order.  This method is
     * designed to facilitate construction of subclasses that provide
     * more extensive lock monitoring facilities.
     *获取共享锁等待线程队集
     * @return the collection of threads
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedReaderThreads() {
        return sync.getSharedQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * Queries whether any threads are waiting to acquire the read or
     * write lock. Note that because cancellations may occur at any
     * time, a {@code true} return does not guarantee that any other
     * thread will ever acquire a lock.  This method is designed
     * primarily for use in monitoring of the system state.
     *是否有其他线程在队列中等待锁
     * @return {@code true} if there may be other threads waiting to
     *         acquire the lock
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.hasQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * Queries whether the given thread is waiting to acquire either
     * the read or write lock. Note that because cancellations may
     * occur at any time, a {@code true} return does not guarantee
     * that this thread will ever acquire a lock.  This method is
     * designed primarily for use in monitoring of the system state.
     *判断当前线程是否在队列中
     * @param thread the thread
     * @return {@code true} if the given thread is queued waiting for this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the thread is null
     */
    public final boolean hasQueuedThread(Thread thread) {
        return sync.isQueued(thread);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting to acquire
     * either the read or write lock.  The value is only an estimate
     * because the number of threads may change dynamically while this
     * method traverses internal data structures.  This method is
     * designed for use in monitoring of the system state, not for
     * synchronization control.
     *获取队列长度
     * @return the estimated number of threads waiting for this lock
     */
    public final int getQueueLength() {
        return sync.getQueueLength();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
     * acquire either the read or write lock.  Because the actual set
     * of threads may change dynamically while constructing this
     * result, the returned collection is only a best-effort estimate.
     * The elements of the returned collection are in no particular
     * order.  This method is designed to facilitate construction of
     * subclasses that provide more extensive monitoring facilities.
     *获取等待线程集
     * @return the collection of threads
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads() {
        return sync.getQueuedThreads();
    }

    /**
     * Queries whether any threads are waiting on the given condition
     * associated with the write lock. Note that because timeouts and
     * interrupts may occur at any time, a {@code true} return does
     * not guarantee that a future {@code signal} will awaken any
     * threads.  This method is designed primarily for use in
     * monitoring of the system state.
     *判断条件是否有等待线程
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return {@code true} if there are any waiting threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    public boolean hasWaiters(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.hasWaiters((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting on the
     * given condition associated with the write lock. Note that because
     * timeouts and interrupts may occur at any time, the estimate
     * serves only as an upper bound on the actual number of waiters.
     * This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system
     * state, not for synchronization control.
     *获取等待条件队列的长度
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return the estimated number of waiting threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    public int getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.getWaitQueueLength((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a collection containing those threads that may be
     * waiting on the given condition associated with the write lock.
     * Because the actual set of threads may change dynamically while
     * constructing this result, the returned collection is only a
     * best-effort estimate. The elements of the returned collection
     * are in no particular order.  This method is designed to
     * facilitate construction of subclasses that provide more
     * extensive condition monitoring facilities.
     *获取所有等待条件的线程集
     * @param condition the condition
     * @return the collection of threads
     * @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
     *         not associated with this lock
     * @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
     */
    protected Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(Condition condition) {
        if (condition == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
        return sync.getWaitingThreads((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state.
     * The state, in brackets, includes the String {@code "Write locks ="}
     * followed by the number of reentrantly held write locks, and the
     * String {@code "Read locks ="} followed by the number of held
     * read locks.
     *
     * @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
     */
    public String toString() {
        int c = sync.getCount();
        int w = Sync.exclusiveCount(c);
        int r = Sync.sharedCount(c);

        return super.toString() +
            "[Write locks = " + w + ", Read locks = " + r + "]";
    }

总结:
[color=green]ReentrantReadWriteLock的锁机制的实现通过内部SYNC，而SYNC是基于AQS的实现。SYNC有两种实现公平和非公平两个版本。公平锁时先判断队列中是否有线程在等待，有则阻塞获取读锁和写锁。而非公平锁，则直接获取写锁；获取读锁时，判断等待队列第一个节点线程是不是在等待独占模式线程，即如果等待队列的第一个节点线程，在等待写锁，则阻塞锁的获取，否则不阻塞。ReentrantReadWriteLock默认为非公平锁可以提高吞吐量，
ReentrantReadWriteLock的构造带有一个公平性参数，用于控制内部锁机制是公平锁还是
非公平锁。ReadLock和WriteLock都是通过SYNC来实现，在构造函数中通过ReentrantReadWriteLock，将锁sync交给ReadLock和WriteLock。ReadLock是共享模式锁和我们前面讲的CountDownLatch原理较像，WriteLock是独占锁与ReentrantLock的原理较像。
ReadLock和WriteLock还可以创建Condition，用于控制共享锁和独占锁获取时的条件等待。
[/color]