《搜索引擎零距离》第三章 IRS虚拟机及编译器实现原理(3)

[b]3.1.7 方法调用[/b]
例子:

foo.bar()
foo.bar
bar()
print "hello world\n"
print
语法:
[表达式 .] 标识符 [( 表达式 ... [* [表达式]] )]
若未指定被调用方法的对象,则调用 self 的方法。
方法名中除了通常的标识符以外,还可以添加“?”或“!”等后缀。通常在布尔型(返回真或伪)方法名后添加“?”,在比同名(无“!”)方法更具破坏性的方法名(例:tr 和 tr!)后添加“!”。
若最后一个参数前带“*”的话,将会先展开该参数的值,然后才传递。例如:
foo(1,*[2,3,4]) # 等同于 foo(1,2,3,4)

[b]3.2 Java与JRuby的整合[/b][size=x-large][/size]
当前版本的JRuby与Java的结合并不是非常完美,需要编写一些接口代码。笔者所使用的JRuby包是: jruby-complete-1.0.1.jar。
[b]3.2.1 Java中的Ruby运行库环境[/b]
首先,Java程序中需要进行如下定义:
RubyInstanceConfig config = new RubyInstanceConfig();
Ruby runtime = Ruby.newInstance(config);

其中 RubyInstanceConfig config里可以配置JRuby运行环境的各种参数,比如
currentDirectory(当前目录),environment(环境变量)等。config作为Ruby.newInstance的参数来构造runtime ,而runtime 是JRuby的运行库环境,各种JRuby语句的执行都需要在runtime的上下文中执行 。
其次,需要在ParalleIRVirtualMachine进行如下定义:
IRubyObject rt = JavaUtil.convertJavaToRuby(runtime, this);
这句代码把ParalleIRVirtualMachine对象转换成IRubyObject对象,以便在这个对象上进行其他操作。
最后,我们需要把对象rt作为一个全局变量添加到runtime上去:
IAccessor d = new ValueAccessor(rt);
runtime.getGlobalVariables().define("$vm", d);
这步操作完成之后,runtime里就有了一个可供使用的全局对象$vm, 而$vm实际引用的是
IRubyObject对象rt, 由于rt是由ParalleIRVirtualMachine对象转化而来的,所以$vm实际引用的是ParalleIRVirtualMachine对象。
为了在$vm对象上添加方法,需要在rt.getMetaClass()返回的对象上调用defineMethod方法。defineMethod的第一个参数是函数名,第二个参数是一个org.jruby.runtime.callback.Callback对象。

例如,要在$vm上添加一个名为match的方法,可以这样写:
rt.getMetaClass().defineMethod("match", processMatch);
其中,第一个参数是函数名,第二个参数是一个org.jruby.runtime.callback.Callback对象。processMatch的定义是:
Callback processMatch = new IRSReflectionCallback(
ParalleIRVirtualMachine.class, "processMatchRuby",
new Class[] { RubyString.class }, false,// if restArg
false, // if staticArg
Arity.singleArgument(), true);// if fast
上述new IRSReflectionCallback构造函数的第一个参数ParalleIRVirtualMachine.class
是目标Java对象的类型,processMatchRuby是对象上的函数名,new Class[] { RubyString.class }是参数类型数组,参数Arity.singleArgument()指明有几个参数,single是指一个参数,其他参数一般情况下不需修改。
其中 IRSReflectionCallback类是一个自定义的类,它提供了Callback接口的实现。
Callback接口定义如下:
Callback.java:

public interface Callback {
public IRubyObject execute(IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject[] args, Block block);
public Arity getArity();
[b]}
3.2.2 IRSReflectionCallback类实现[/b]

IRSReflectionCallback.java:

package com.irs..ruby;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import org.jruby.exceptions.JumpException;
import org.jruby.exceptions.MainExitException;
import org.jruby.exceptions.RaiseException;
import org.jruby.exceptions.ThreadKill;
import org.jruby.javasupport.JavaObject;
import org.jruby.runtime.Arity;
import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
import org.jruby.runtime.callback.Callback;

/**
* A wrapper for <code>java.lang.reflect.Method</code> objects which implement Ruby methods.
*/
public class IRSReflectionCallback implements Callback {
private Method method;
private Class type;
private String methodName;
private Class[] argumentTypes;
private boolean isRestArgs;
private Arity arity;
private boolean isStaticMethod;
private boolean fast;

/*构造函数*/
public IRSReflectionCallback(Class type, String methodName, Class[] argumentTypes,
boolean isRestArgs, boolean isStaticMethod, Arity arity, boolean fast) {
this.type = type;
this.methodName = methodName;
this.argumentTypes = argumentTypes;
this.isRestArgs = isRestArgs;
this.isStaticMethod = isStaticMethod;
this.arity = arity;
this.fast = fast;

assert type != null;
assert methodName != null;
assert arity != null;

loadMethod(fast);
}

/*
按照是否为静态方法来传递函数参数
静态方法不需要传递this对象,成员方法需要传递this对象
*/
private void loadMethod(boolean fast) {
Class[] args;

if (isStaticMethod) {
Class[] types = new Class[argumentTypes.length + 1];
System.arraycopy(argumentTypes, 0, types, 1, argumentTypes.length);
types[0] = IRubyObject.class;
args = types;
} else {
args = argumentTypes;
}

// ENEBO: Perhaps slow but simple for now
if (!fast) {
Class[] types = new Class[args.length + 1];
System.arraycopy(args, 0, types, 0, args.length);
types[args.length] = Block.class;
args = types;
}

try {
List<Class> tmpArg=Arrays.asList(args);
//通过反射来从对象上获得方法,供Ruby引擎调用
method = type.getMethod(methodName, args);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("NoSuchMethodException: Cannot get method \"" + methodName
+ "\" in class \"" + type.getName() + "\" by Reflection.");
} catch (SecurityException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("SecurityException: Cannot get method \"" + methodName
+ "\" in class \"" + type.getName() + "\" by Reflection.");
}
}

/**
* Returns an object array that collects all rest arguments in its own object array which
* is then put into the last slot of the first object array. That is, assuming that this
* callback expects one required argument and any number of rest arguments, an input of
* <code>[1, 2, 3]</code> is transformed into <code>[1, [2, 3]]</code>.
*/
protected final Object[] packageRestArgumentsForReflection(final Object[] originalArgs) {
IRubyObject[] restArray = new IRubyObject[originalArgs.length - (argumentTypes.length - 1)];
Object[] result = new Object[argumentTypes.length];
try {
System.arraycopy(originalArgs, argumentTypes.length - 1, restArray, 0, originalArgs.length - (argumentTypes.length - 1));
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
assert false : e;
return null;
}
System.arraycopy(originalArgs, 0, result, 0, argumentTypes.length - 1);
result[argumentTypes.length - 1] = restArray;
return result;
}

/**
在IRubyObject recv对象上调用目标方法
* Invokes the Ruby method. Actually, this methods delegates to an internal version
* that may throw the usual Java reflection exceptions. Ruby exceptions are rethrown,
* other exceptions throw an AssertError and abort the execution of the Ruby program.
* They should never happen.
*/
/**
* Calls a wrapped Ruby method for the specified receiver with the specified arguments.
*/
public IRubyObject execute(IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject[] oargs, Block block) {
arity.checkArity(recv.getRuntime(), oargs);

Object[] methodArgs = oargs;

if (isRestArgs) {
methodArgs = packageRestArgumentsForReflection(methodArgs);
}
try {
JavaObject receiver = (JavaObject)recv;
Object target=receiver.getValue();

if (isStaticMethod) {
Object[] args = new Object[methodArgs.length + (fast ? 1 : 2)];
System.arraycopy(methodArgs, 0, args, 1, methodArgs.length);
args[0] = recv;
if (!fast) args[methodArgs.length + 1] = block;
receiver = null;
methodArgs = args;
} else {
Object[] args = new Object[methodArgs.length + (fast ? 0 : 1)];
System.arraycopy(methodArgs, 0, args, 0, methodArgs.length);
if (!fast) args[methodArgs.length] = block;
methodArgs = args;
}
return (IRubyObject) method.invoke(target, methodArgs);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
if (e.getTargetException() instanceof RaiseException) {
throw (RaiseException) e.getTargetException();
} else if (e.getTargetException() instanceof JumpException) {
throw (JumpException) e.getTargetException();
} else if (e.getTargetException() instanceof ThreadKill) {
// allow it to bubble up
throw (ThreadKill) e.getTargetException();
} else if (e.getTargetException() instanceof Exception) {
if(e.getTargetException() instanceof MainExitException) {
throw (RuntimeException)e.getTargetException();
}
recv.getRuntime().getJavaSupport().handleNativeException(e.getTargetException());
return recv.getRuntime().getNil();
} else {
throw (Error) e.getTargetException();
}
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
StringBuffer message = new StringBuffer();
message.append(e.getMessage());
message.append(':');
message.append(" methodName=").append(methodName);
message.append(" recv=").append(recv.toString());
message.append(" type=").append(type.getName());
message.append(" methodArgs=[");
for (int i = 0; i < methodArgs.length; i++) {
message.append(methodArgs[i]);
message.append(' ');
}
message.append(']');
assert false : message.toString();
return null;
} catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) {
/* StringBuffer message = new StringBuffer();
message.append(e.getMessage());
message.append(':');
message.append(" methodName=").append(methodName);
message.append(" recv=").append(recv.toString());
message.append(" type=").append(type.getName());
message.append(" methodArgs=[");
for (int i = 0; i < methodArgs.length; i++) {
message.append(methodArgs[i]);
message.append(' ');
}
message.append(']');*/
assert false : e;
return null;
}
}

/**
* Returns the arity of the wrapped Ruby method.
*/
public Arity getArity() {
return arity;
}
}


[b]3.2.3 在Java中编译执行Ruby脚本[/b]
public IRubyObject compileAndRun(String scriptTxt) {

// Node node
try {

//获得全局的runtime对象(Ruby运行库环境)
Ruby ruby = runtime;

Script script = null;
StringReader reader = new StringReader(scriptTxt);

Node parsedScriptNode = ruby.parse(reader, scriptTxt,
ruby.getCurrentContext().getCurrentScope(), 0);

// do the compile
StandardASMCompiler compiler = new StandardASMCompiler(
parsedScriptNode);

NodeCompilerFactory.getCompiler(parsedScriptNode).compile(
parsedScriptNode, compiler);
//加载类
Class scriptClass = compiler.loadClass(new JRubyClassLoader());
//生成script对象
script = (Script) scriptClass.newInstance();

ThreadContext tc = ruby.getCurrentContext();
//执行脚本
return script.run(tc, tc.getFrameSelf(), IRubyObject.NULL_ARRAY,
Block.NULL_BLOCK);

} catch (NotCompilableException nce) {
System.err.println("Error -- Not compileable: " + nce.getMessage());
return null;
} catch (JumpException je) {
if (je.getJumpType() == JumpException.JumpType.ReturnJump) {
return (IRubyObject) je.getValue();
} else {
throw je;
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.err.println("Error -- Not compileable: " + e.getMessage());
return null;
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
System.err.println("Error -- Not compileable: " + e.getMessage());
return null;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
System.err.println("Error -- Not compileable: " + e.getMessage());
return null;
}
}


[b]3.2.4 Java内嵌Ruby方法总结[/b]
结合以上各个步骤,我们就可以在Java中定义方法,然后在Ruby中调用它了,下面总结一下整个过程。
//示例Java类,其中的helloword方法将在Ruby中被调用
Class JavaSampleCls{
public void helloworld(RubyString param){
System.out.println(“hello ”+param.toString());
}
}


//初始化Ruby运行环境
RubyInstanceConfig config = new RubyInstanceConfig();
Ruby runtime = Ruby.newInstance(config);

//初始化目标Java对象
JavaSampleCls javasample=new JavaSampleCls();

//把目标的普通Java对象转化为Ruby可识别的IRubyObject对象
IRubyObject targetObject = JavaUtil.convertJavaToRuby(runtime,javasample);

//定义callback对象: 类JavaSampleCls上的helloworld方法,一个String参数
Callback helloCallback = new IRSReflectionCallback(
JavaSampleCls.class, "helloworld",
new Class[] { RubyString.class }, false,// if restArg
false, // if staticArg
Arity.singleArgument(), true);// if fast

//把callback定义到targetObject上
targetObject.getMetaClass().defineMethod("helloworld", helloCallback);

IAccessor d = new ValueAccessor(targetObject);

//把targetObject绑定到Ruby运行库环境中
runtime.getGlobalVariables().define("$vm", d);

//声明Ruby脚本
String rubycode=”$vm.helloworld(“java”)”;
//编译执行
compileAndRun(rubycode);
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