JDBC Driver的加载机制

JDBC Driver的加载机制

1.用以下代码取得url里对应的Connection

 

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);

 

2.进一步查看源代码，可以发现是通过遍历DriverManager里的 DriverInfo来尝试加载url对应的Connection的。那么问题就是，遍历的这些DriverInfo是哪里来的，它在DriverManager里是一个Vector。遍历代码如下：

 

if (!initialized) {
	    initialize();
	}

	synchronized (DriverManager.class){ 
            // use the readcopy of drivers
	    drivers = readDrivers;  
        }

	// Walk through the loaded drivers attempting to make a connection.
	// Remember the first exception that gets raised so we can reraise it.
	SQLException reason = null;

for (int i = 0; i < drivers.size(); i++) {
	    DriverInfo di = (DriverInfo)drivers.elementAt(i);
      
	    // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then 
	    // skip it.
	    if ( getCallerClass(callerCL, di.driverClassName ) != di.driverClass ) {
		println("    skipping: " + di);
		continue;
	    }
	    try {
		println("    trying " + di);
		Connection result = di.driver.connect(url, info);
		if (result != null) {
		    // Success!
		    println("getConnection returning " + di);
		    return (result);
		}
	    } catch (SQLException ex) {
		if (reason == null) {
		    reason = ex;
		}
	    }
	}

 3.上面的 initialize();就是问题的关键。进一步阅读源代码，进入loadInitialDrivers()方法。

 

private static void loadInitialDrivers() {
        String drivers;
	
        try {
	    drivers = (String) java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
		new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction("jdbc.drivers"));
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            drivers = null;
        }
        
        // If the driver is packaged as a Service Provider,
        // load it.
        
        // Get all the drivers through the classloader 
        // exposed as a java.sql.Driver.class service.
	
	 DriverService ds = new DriverService();

	 // Have all the privileges to get all the 
	 // implementation of java.sql.Driver
	 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(ds);		
	        
         println("DriverManager.initialize: jdbc.drivers = " + drivers);
        if (drivers == null) {
            return;
        }

4.这里的DriverService起到了加载驱动的作用，进入DriverService的定义：

 

class DriverService implements java.security.PrivilegedAction {
        Iterator ps = null;
	public DriverService() {};
        public Object run() {
	ps = Service.providers(java.sql.Driver.class);
	
	try {
           while (ps.hasNext()) {
               ps.next();
           } // end while
	} catch(Throwable t) {
	    // Do nothing
	}
        return null;
    } //end run

} 

5.(3)里的 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(ds);会调用ds的run方法，也就是DriverService的run方法。run方法里ps = Service.providers(java.sql.Driver.class);这一句，会遍历整个classpath上的jar包，包的META-INF/services里有一个文件名为java.sql.Driver的文件，里面记录了这个包里继承了java.sql.Driver的类的类名，执行ps.next();则会加载对应的类。