Ruby中的block与变量作用域

按照我们一般的思维模式，特别是在大量使用了Java等高级强静态语言后，可能对变量作用域有很好的理解。

但是在Ruby中，我们会发现一些不同往常经验的例子。

系统环境 写道

ruby 1.8.6 (2007-09-24 patchlevel 111) [i486-linux]

 

请看这个例子：

#test the block

verb='rescued'
['sedated', 'powdered', 'electrocuted'].
each do |verb|
  puts 'Dr. Cham ' + verb + ' his niece Hannah.'
end
puts 'Yes, Dr. Cham ' + verb + ' his niece Hannah.'
if true then
  verb = 'In the if'
end
puts 'After the if-then-end statement ' + verb

 首先我们不运行，来人为想像一下这个的输出，深深都到Java影响的话可能会得到这样一个结果：

猜想的结果 写道

Dr. Cham sedated his niece Hannah.
Dr. Cham powdered his niece Hannah.
Dr. Cham electrocuted his niece Hannah.
Yes, Dr. Cham rescued his niece Hannah.
After the if-then-end statement In the if

 那么让我们来运行一下看看真实的情况：

真实输出 写道

Dr. Cham sedated his niece Hannah.
Dr. Cham powdered his niece Hannah.
Dr. Cham electrocuted his niece Hannah.
Yes, Dr. Cham electrocuted his niece Hannah.
After the if-then-end statement In the if

 很奇怪吧，从感觉上，虽然我们在各个block中定义了局部变量，但是从表现上来看始终就一个变量在工作。其实也不是，看看这个例子的简单变形（就去掉了第一行的代码）：

#test the block

#verb='rescued'
['sedated', 'powdered', 'electrocuted'].
each do |verb|
  puts 'Dr. Cham ' + verb + ' his niece Hannah.'
end
puts 'Yes, Dr. Cham ' + verb + ' his niece Hannah.'
if true then
  verb = 'In the if'
end
puts 'After the if-then-end statement ' + verb

 输出发生了变化：

输出结果 写道

Dr. Cham sedated his niece Hannah.
Dr. Cham powdered his niece Hannah.
Dr. Cham electrocuted his niece Hannah.
testblock.rb:8: undefined local variable or method `verb' for main:Object (NameError)

 也就是说，那个block还是起了一些作用的。

也就是说，如果block意识到verb已经存在，然后就直接使用了。

小结：

• 变量仍然有生存周期
• block块等 会去使用已经存在的同名的变量

 

有机会，我会好好研究下《Ruby Hacking Guide》，认真分析一下原因的。

谢谢各位朋友的提示，今天我将ruby升级到了1.9版。

ubuntu apt-get 写道

sudo apt-get install ruby1.9 irb1.9 rdoc1.9

 现在的系统环境

系统环境 写道

ruby 1.9.0 (2007-12-25 revision 14709) [i486-linux]

 现在重新运行一下看看结果：

运行结果 写道

Dr. Cham sedated his niece Hannah.
Dr. Cham powdered his niece Hannah.
Dr. Cham electrocuted his niece Hannah.
Yes, Dr. Cham rescued his niece Hannah.
After the if-then-end statement In the if

 确实已经恢复到期望输出了。

再次感谢。