Axis实践之Axis入门

最新推荐文章于 2019-01-21 10:30:00 发布

iteye_12709

最新推荐文章于 2019-01-21 10:30:00 发布

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文章标签： java 操作系统数据库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/iteye_12709/article/details/82095157

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第一部分：安装Axis

第一步：下载Axis
从Apache网站下载Axis发布包：
http://ws.apache.org/axis/

我下载的是
Axis 1.4 Final 版

第二步：解压Axis压缩包
把下载的axis-bin-1_4.zip包解压缩到一个文件夹，可以是任意的，但如果文件夹包含中文名时，在中间有些过程需要对中文进行一些处理，否则可能出错；
我把axis-bin-1_4.zip解压到 F:\AXIS_Study，解压后的目录结构是这样的：
F:\AXIS_Study
    |
    |____axis-bin-1_4
    |
    |-----docs (文件夹)
    |
    |-----lib (文件夹)
    |
    |-----samples (文件夹)
    |
    |-----webapps (文件夹)
    |
    |-----xmls (文件夹)
    |
    |-----LICENSE
    |
    |-----NOTICES
    |
    |-----README
    |
    |-----release-notes.html

第三步：准备Web Server
准备一个Web Server，基本上所有主流的Web Server都可以，为了节省资源，我使用Tomcat5.5.23来讲解这个例子，大家可以自行到Apache网站上下载该版本的Tomcat。

第四步：配置Tomcat
进入Tomcat目录，在conf/Catalina/localhost目录下新建一个XML文件，命名为axis.xml，然后在文件中输入如下内容：

Xml代码

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "gb2312" ?>
<!--
Axis学习工程
-->
< Context docBase = "F:/AXIS_Study/axis-bin-1_4/webapps/axis" >
</ Context >

这个文件是用来在Tomcat中配置一个Web应用的，这不在本次课程的范围，大家可以自行找相关资料来看。注意在文件中
docBase="F:/AXIS_Study/axis-bin-1_4/webapps/axis"
是指向Axis解压目录下面的webapps/axis目录，大家根据自己的目录结构自行修改

第五步：启动Tomcat
进入到Tomcat安装目录下的bin目录，找到startup.bat并执行之，在启动过程中，控制台窗口应该会出现以下信息：
2008-5-15 14:45:55 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener lifecycleEvent
信息: The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: D:\JAVATools\jdk1.5.0
_05\bin;.;C:\windows\system32;C:\windows;D: \tools\系统\UnxUtils\bin;D:\tools\系统\UnxUtils\usr\local\wbin;D:\JAVATools \jdk1.5.0_05\bin;C:\oracle92\bin;C:\Progra
m Files\Oracle\jre\1.3.1\bin;C:\Program Files\Oracle\jre\1.1.8\bin;C:\windows\system32;C:\windows;C:\windows \System32\Wbem;D:\tools\系统;D:\JAVATools\ant-1.6.2\
bin
2008-5-15 14:45:55 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11BaseProtocol init
信息: Initializing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-80
2008-5-15 14:45:55 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
信息: Initialization processed in 859 ms
2008-5-15 14:45:55 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService start
信息: Starting service Catalina
2008-5-15 14:45:55 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine start
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/5.5.23
2008-5-15 14:45:55 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost start
信息: XML validation disabled
- Unable to find config file. Creating new servlet engine config file: /WEB-INF/server-config.wsdd
- Unable to find required classes (javax.activation.DataHandler and javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart). Attachment support is disabled.

……

注意，最后面三行指示了Axis 的web app已经启动了，因为在我的Tomcat中发布的应用中，没有其他应用有使用Web Service，现在出现 .wsdd 文件，肯定就是Axis的应用启动了。
我们到
F:\AXIS_Study\axis-bin-1_4\webapps\axis\WEB-INF
目录下查看，发现系统自动生成了一个attachments目录，这与启动日志中的Attachment support is disabled.是对应的。

第六步：查看一下当前Axis中布署了哪些Web Service
打开浏览器，在地址栏输入：
http://localhost/axis/servlet/AxisServlet

浏览器显示结果：
And now... Some Services

AdminService (wsdl)
AdminService
Version (wsdl)
getVersion
这说明在Axis中已经布署了两个WebService，只不过这两个WebService都是Axis自带的，第一个是管理用的WebService，第二个是查看当前Axis版本信息的WebService。
大家可以点击相应的链接“wsdl”来看一下这两个WebService的 wsdl 文件。

结语：
至此，我们已经成功地把Axis 1.4 安装到Tomcat Web 服务器上了，接下来的目标是使用Axis来发布Web Service。

第二部分：使用Axis发布Web Service
Axis提供两种方式将Java类发布成Web Services，这两种方式分别是：即时快速自动发布和通过配置文件进行发布，下面我们按顺序来讲如何使用这两种方式来发布WebService

即时快速自动发布：
第一步：编写业务类
为了发布一个Web Service,首先必须要有业务类，为了节约时间，我写一个最简单的业务类：

Java代码

public class SayHello{
private String name;
public String hello(){
return "Hello, axis Ver1.4 talking to you." ;
}
}

注意，采用快速自动发布的Web Service的业务类不能带 package，也不能实现任何接口（Interface），因为Axis自动发布时不支持Package。

第二步：把SayHello发布为Web Service
把SayHello.java复制到 axis目录下的webapps/axis目录下，然后把文件扩展名改为：jws

第三步：访问刚发布的Web Service
打开浏览器，在地址栏里输入：
http://localhost/axis/SayHello.jws

浏览器显示结果如下：
There is a Web Service here

Click to see the WSDL

这表示Web Service已经发布成功了。我们可以点击连接“Click to see the WSDL ”来看看生成的wsdl文件：

Xml代码

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< wsdl:definitions targetNamespace = "http://localhost/axis/SayHello.jws" xmlns:apachesoap = "http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl = "http://localhost/axis/SayHello.jws" xmlns:intf = "http://localhost/axis/SayHello.jws" xmlns:soapenc = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" >
<!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4
Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)-->
< wsdl:message name = "helloResponse" >
< wsdl:part name = "helloReturn" type = "xsd:string" />
</ wsdl:message >
< wsdl:message name = "helloRequest" >
</ wsdl:message >
< wsdl:portType name = "SayHello" >
< wsdl:operation name = "hello" >
< wsdl:input message = "impl:helloRequest" name = "helloRequest" />
< wsdl:output message = "impl:helloResponse" name = "helloResponse" />
</ wsdl:operation >
</ wsdl:portType >
< wsdl:binding name = "SayHelloSoapBinding" type = "impl:SayHello" >
< wsdlsoap:binding style = "rpc" transport = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" />
< wsdl:operation name = "hello" >
< wsdlsoap:operation soapAction = "" />
< wsdl:input name = "helloRequest" >
< wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace = "http://DefaultNamespace" use = "encoded" />
</ wsdl:input >
< wsdl:output name = "helloResponse" >
< wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace = "http://localhost/axis/SayHello.jws" use = "encoded" />
</ wsdl:output >
</ wsdl:operation >
</ wsdl:binding >
< wsdl:service name = "SayHelloService" >
< wsdl:port binding = "impl:SayHelloSoapBinding" name = "SayHello" >
< wsdlsoap:address location = "http://localhost/axis/SayHello.jws" />
</ wsdl:port >
</ wsdl:service >
</ wsdl:definitions >

这个文件结构跟我们以前用IDE生成的没什么两样。

我们再访问一下这个Web Service，看看结果对不对，在浏览器地址栏输入：
http://localhost/axis/SayHello.jws?method=hello

浏览器显示服务器返回的结果：

Xml代码

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsd = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" >
< soapenv:Body >
< helloResponse soapenv:encodingStyle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" >
< helloReturn xsi:type = "xsd:string" > Hello, axis Ver1.4 talking to you. </ helloReturn >
</ helloResponse >
</ soapenv:Body >
</ soapenv:Envelope >

这里返回的是整个SOAP数据包

接头我们用Jbuilder来生成该Web Service的客户端代码：
打开Jbuilder，新建一个工程，然后增加Axis Web Service Client支持：
菜单： New --> Web Service(J2EE1.3) --> Axis Web Service Client Configuration
然后在Web Service设计器中选择“Import from URL”，其中的wsdl文件路径就输入“http://localhost/axis/SayHello.jws?wsdl”
Jbuilder 就自动帮我们生成了所有配置。然后再make这个web service，这时候JBuilder自动生成了所需要的全部代码，还包括一个JUnit测试类 SayHelloServiceTestCase，为了能更直观地看到结果，我们再写一个自己的测试类：

Java代码

public class SayHelloTest {
public void test(){
SayHelloSoapBindingStub binding;
try {
binding = (SayHelloSoapBindingStub) new SayHelloServiceLocator().getSayHello(); //取接口
binding.setTimeout(60000 ); //设置超时时间
String helloMsg = binding.hello(); //调用hello方法
System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>服务器返回消息：" );
System.out.println( helloMsg );
System.out.println("<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<" );
}catch (javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException ex) {
if (ex.getLinkedCause() != null )
ex.getLinkedCause().printStackTrace();
System.out.println("JAX-RPC调用出错：" );
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
System.out.println("Web Service调用出错：" );
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SayHelloTest sayhellotest = new SayHelloTest();
sayhellotest.test();
}
}

编译，然后执行该类，得到输出结果是：
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>服务器返回消息：
Hello, axis Ver1.4 talking to you.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

至此，我们通过Axis自动发布的Web Service成功了。

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
通过配置文件（WSDD）进行发布：

第一步：先写一个配置文件 server-config.wsdd

Xml代码

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< deployment name = "defaultClientConfig"
xmlns:java = "http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java"
xmlns:handler = "http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/handler" xmlns = "http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" >
< globalConfiguration name = "defaultClientConfig" >
< requestFlow name = "RequestFlow1" type = "" >
< handler name = "Handler1" type = "java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler" >
< parameter name = "scope" value = "session" />
</ handler >
< handler name = "Handler2" type = "java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler" >
< parameter name = "scope" value = "request" />
< parameter name = "extension" value = ".jwr" />
</ handler >
</ requestFlow >
</ globalConfiguration >
< handler name = "URLMapper" type = "java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.URLMapper" />
< handler name = "LocalResponder" type = "java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder" />
< handler name = "Authenticate" type = "java:org.apache.axis.handlers.SimpleAuthenticationHandler" />
< transport name = "http" type = "" >
< requestFlow name = "RequestFlow1" type = "" >
< handler name = "Handler1" type = "URLMapper" />
< handler name = "Handler2" type = "java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.HTTPAuthHandler" />
</ requestFlow >
</ transport >
< transport name = "local" type = "" >
< responseFlow name = "ResponseFlow1" type = "" >
< handler name = "Handler1" type = "LocalResponder" />
</ responseFlow >
</ transport >
< service name = "SayHello2" provider = "java:RPC" >
< parameter name = "scope" value = "Request" />
< parameter name = "className" value = "SayHello" />
< parameter name = "allowedMethods" value = "*" />
</ service >
</ deployment >

需要注意的通过配置文件来发布Web Service时，业务类是可以有package的，这里为了利用上面的业务类，所以就没有package

然后把该配置文件放置到WEB-INF目录下。

第二步：编译业务类
把上面写的业务编译成class文件，放到WEB-INF/classes目录下

第三步：重启Tomcat

第四步：查看新发布的Web Service
打开浏览器，地址栏里输入： http://localhost/axis/servlet/AxisServlet
浏览器返回的结果如下：
And now... Some Services
SayHello2 (wsdl)
hello

这表明我们的新Web Service发布成功了，我们可以进一步看一下wsdl文件：

Xml代码

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< wsdl:definitions targetNamespace = "http://localhost/axis/services/SayHello2" xmlns:apachesoap = "http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl = "http://localhost/axis/services/SayHello2" xmlns:intf = "http://localhost/axis/services/SayHello2" xmlns:soapenc = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" >
<!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4
Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)
-->
< wsdl:message name = "helloRequest" >
</ wsdl:message >
< wsdl:message name = "helloResponse" >
< wsdl:part name = "helloReturn" type = "soapenc:string" />
</ wsdl:message >
< wsdl:portType name = "SayHello" >
< wsdl:operation name = "hello" >
< wsdl:input message = "impl:helloRequest" name = "helloRequest" />
< wsdl:output message = "impl:helloResponse" name = "helloResponse" />
</ wsdl:operation >
</ wsdl:portType >
< wsdl:binding name = "SayHello2SoapBinding" type = "impl:SayHello" >
< wsdlsoap:binding style = "rpc" transport = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" />
< wsdl:operation name = "hello" >
< wsdlsoap:operation soapAction = "" />
< wsdl:input name = "helloRequest" >
< wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace = "http://DefaultNamespace" use = "encoded" />
</ wsdl:input >
< wsdl:output name = "helloResponse" >
< wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace = "http://localhost/axis/services/SayHello2" use = "encoded" />
</ wsdl:output >
</ wsdl:operation >
</ wsdl:binding >
< wsdl:service name = "SayHelloService" >
< wsdl:port binding = "impl:SayHello2SoapBinding" name = "SayHello2" >
< wsdlsoap:address location = "http://localhost/axis/services/SayHello2" />
</ wsdl:port >
</ wsdl:service >
</ wsdl:definitions >

第五步：写测试客户端
在Jbuilder中，刚才的工程里增加一个Web Service客户端，还是在Web Service设计器中选择“Import from URL”，其中的wsdl文件路径就输入“http://localhost/axis/services/SayHello2?wsdl”，然后 make这个web service module。同样的，我们也再写一个自己的测试类：

Java代码

public class SayHello2Test {
public void test(){
SayHello2SoapBindingStub binding;
try {
binding = (SayHello2SoapBindingStub) new SayHello2ServiceLocator().getSayHello(); //取接口
binding.setTimeout(60000 ); //设置超时时间
String helloMsg = binding.hello(); //调用hello方法
System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>服务器返回消息：" );
System.out.println( helloMsg );
System.out.println("<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<" );
}catch (javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException ex) {
if (ex.getLinkedCause() != null )
ex.getLinkedCause().printStackTrace();
System.out.println("JAX-RPC调用出错：" );
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
System.out.println("Web Service调用出错：" );
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SayHello2Test sayhellotest = new SayHello2Test();
sayhellotest.test();
}
}