本文主要介绍如何使用简单的Spring邮件抽象层来实现邮件发送功能,对于JavaMail中的API并不做介绍。通过对比JavaMail的 API和Spring的邮件抽象层,我觉得,Spring的邮件抽象层优点就是简化了代码量,并能充分利用IOC功能;缺点就是要使用部分Spring API,使程序与第三方框架耦合。关于这方面的内容,可以参考Spring的参考手册。
闲言少叙,现在就说说Spring邮件抽象层。这里将要用的接口和类有:
1 ) MailSender ,它是发送邮件的主要接口,代码如下:
- public interface MailSender { /*** Send the given simple mail message.
- * @param simpleMessage the message to send
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException
- * in case of failure when parsing the message
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException
- * in case of authentication failure
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException
- * in case of failure when sending the message
- */
- void send(SimpleMailMessage simpleMessage) throws MailException;
- /**
- * Send the given array of simple mail messages in batch.
- * @param simpleMessages the messages to send
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException
- * in case of failure when parsing a message
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException
- * in case of authentication failure
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException
- * in case of failure when sending a message
- */
- void send(SimpleMailMessage[] simpleMessages) throws MailException;
- }
public interface MailSender { /*** Send the given simple mail message.
* @param simpleMessage the message to send
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException
* in case of failure when parsing the message
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException
* in case of authentication failure
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException
* in case of failure when sending the message
*/
void send(SimpleMailMessage simpleMessage) throws MailException;
/**
* Send the given array of simple mail messages in batch.
* @param simpleMessages the messages to send
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException
* in case of failure when parsing a message
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException
* in case of authentication failure
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException
* in case of failure when sending a message
*/
void send(SimpleMailMessage[] simpleMessages) throws MailException;
}
2 )一个简单邮件信息的实现类 SimpleMailMessage 。
3 ) JavaMailSender 接口,提供使用 JavaMail 中 MimeMessage ,代码如下:
- public interface MailSender { /*** Send the given simple mail message.
- * @param simpleMessage the message to send
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException
- * in case of failure when parsing the message
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException
- * in case of authentication failure
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException
- * in case of failure when sending the message
- */
- void send(SimpleMailMessage simpleMessage) throws MailException;
- /**
- * Send the given array of simple mail messages in batch.
- * @param simpleMessages the messages to send
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException
- * in case of failure when parsing a message
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException
- * in case of authentication failure
- * @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException
- * in case of failure when sending a message
- */
- void send(SimpleMailMessage[] simpleMessages) throws MailException;
- }
public interface MailSender { /*** Send the given simple mail message.
* @param simpleMessage the message to send
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException
* in case of failure when parsing the message
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException
* in case of authentication failure
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException
* in case of failure when sending the message
*/
void send(SimpleMailMessage simpleMessage) throws MailException;
/**
* Send the given array of simple mail messages in batch.
* @param simpleMessages the messages to send
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailParseException
* in case of failure when parsing a message
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailAuthenticationException
* in case of authentication failure
* @throws org.springframework.mail.MailSendException
* in case of failure when sending a message
*/
void send(SimpleMailMessage[] simpleMessages) throws MailException;
}
使用 JavaMail ,需要依赖 mail.jar 和 activation.jar 两个包。利用 Spring 的 IOC 优势,可以通过配置文件来配置邮件发送信息。对于 MailSender , Spring 提供了实现类 JavaMailSenderImpl ,可以如下配置 MailSender 信息。
- < bean id = "mailSender" class = "org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
- < property name = "host" value = "smtp.126.com">
- < property name = "javaMailProperties" >
- < props >
- < prop key = "mail.smtp.auth" > true
- < prop key = "mail.smtp.timeout" > 20000
- < property name = "username" value = "kafka0102">
- < property name = "password" value = "****">
< bean id = "mailSender" class = "org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl"> < property name = "host" value = "smtp.126.com"> < property name = "javaMailProperties" > < props > < prop key = "mail.smtp.auth" > true < prop key = "mail.smtp.timeout" > 20000 < property name = "username" value = "kafka0102"> < property name = "password" value = "****">
可以想到,如果是在 Service 中调用 mailSender ,可以通过 IOC 将 mailSender 注入到 Service 中。这里给出一个简单的使用演示:
- BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "service-applicationContext.xml" );
- MailSender ms = (MailSender)bf.getBean( "mailSender" );
- SimpleMailMessage smm = new SimpleMailMessage();
- smm.setTo( "kafka0102@126.com" );
- smm.setFrom( "kafka0102@126.com" );
- smm.setSubject( "hello" );
- smm.setText( "I am you" );
- ms.send(smm);
BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "service-applicationContext.xml" );
MailSender ms = (MailSender)bf.getBean( "mailSender" );
SimpleMailMessage smm = new SimpleMailMessage();
smm.setTo( "kafka0102@126.com" );
smm.setFrom( "kafka0102@126.com" );
smm.setSubject( "hello" );
smm.setText( "I am you" );
ms.send(smm);
其中, SimpleMailMessage 也可以通过配置文件配置使用到的属性。 SimpleMailMessage 不能发送带有附件的邮件,这时就需要 JavaMailSender (它的实现类也是 JavaMailSenderImpl ), MimeMessagePreparator 的实现类和部分 JavaMail API 。 mailSender 的配置不变,添加一个实现 MimeMessagePreparator 的类 OneMimeMessagePreparator ,代码如下。
- import java.util.Date; import javax.activation.DataHandler;
- import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
- import javax.mail.Message;
- import javax.mail.Multipart;
- import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
- import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
- import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
- import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
- import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessagePreparator;
- public class OneMimeMessagePreparator implements MimeMessagePreparator{
- public void prepare(MimeMessage mm) throws Exception {
- mm.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType. TO , new InternetAddress( "kafka0102@126.com" ));
- mm.setFrom( new InternetAddress( "kafka0102@126.com" ));
- mm.setSubject( "I am you" );
- Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
- MimeBodyPart mbp = new MimeBodyPart();
- mbp.setText( "hello kafka0102" );
- mp.addBodyPart(mbp);
- String[] files = new String[]{
- "/home/kafka0102/Document/ 常用基础算法 .txt" ,
- "/home/kafka0102/Document/21164.html" };
- for (String f : files){
- MimeBodyPart mbpFile = new MimeBodyPart();
- FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource(f);
- mbpFile.setDataHandler( new DataHandler(fds));
- mbpFile.setFileName(fds.getName());
- mp.addBodyPart(mbpFile);
- }
- mm.setContent(mp);
- mm.setSentDate( new Date());
- }
- }
import java.util.Date; import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessagePreparator;
public class OneMimeMessagePreparator implements MimeMessagePreparator{
public void prepare(MimeMessage mm) throws Exception {
mm.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType. TO , new InternetAddress( "kafka0102@126.com" ));
mm.setFrom( new InternetAddress( "kafka0102@126.com" ));
mm.setSubject( "I am you" );
Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
MimeBodyPart mbp = new MimeBodyPart();
mbp.setText( "hello kafka0102" );
mp.addBodyPart(mbp);
String[] files = new String[]{
"/home/kafka0102/Document/ 常用基础算法 .txt" ,
"/home/kafka0102/Document/21164.html" };
for (String f : files){
MimeBodyPart mbpFile = new MimeBodyPart();
FileDataSource fds = new FileDataSource(f);
mbpFile.setDataHandler( new DataHandler(fds));
mbpFile.setFileName(fds.getName());
mp.addBodyPart(mbpFile);
}
mm.setContent(mp);
mm.setSentDate( new Date());
}
}
OneMimeMessagePreparator 的功能就是配置 MimeMessage ,其中添加了两个附件。下面就是简单的使用方法。
- BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("service-applicationContext.xml");
- JavaMailSender ms = (JavaMailSender)bf.getBean("mailSender");
- ms.send(new OneMimeMessagePreparator());
BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("service-applicationContext.xml");
JavaMailSender ms = (JavaMailSender)bf.getBean("mailSender");
ms.send(new OneMimeMessagePreparator());