【转帖】Java字节码揭秘(三)

原帖地址:http://blog.csdn.net/BU_BetterYou/archive/2008/06/18/2560972.aspx

接上一部份：


以下是一个简单的异常处理例子：


public class ExFun

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{

try

{

System.out.println("In try block");

throw new Exception();

}

catch (java.io.IOException ioEx)

{

System.out.println("In catch IOException block");

System.out.println(ioEx);

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

System.out.println("In catch Exception block");

System.out.println(ex);

}

finally

{

System.out.println("In finally block");

}

}

}


字节码为：


Compiled from "ExFun.java"

public class ExFun extends java.lang.Object

SourceFile: "ExFun.java"

minor version: 0

major version: 50

Constant pool:

(snipped for simplicity)

{

public ExFun();

(snipped for simplicity)



public static void main(java.lang.String[]);

Code:

Stack=2, Locals=3, Args_size=1

0: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

3: ldc #3; //String In try block

5: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

8: new #5; //class java/lang/Exception

11: dup

12: invokespecial #6; //Method java/lang/Exception."<init>":()V

15: athrow

16: astore_1

17: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

20: ldc #8; //String In catch IOException block

22: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

25: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

28: aload_1

29: invokevirtual #9; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V

32: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

35: ldc #10; //String In finally block

37: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

40: goto 81

43: astore_1

44: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

47: ldc #11; //String In catch Exception block

49: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

52: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

55: aload_1

56: invokevirtual #9; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V

59: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

62: ldc #10; //String In finally block

64: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

67: goto 81

70: astore_2

71: getstatic #2; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

74: ldc #10; //String In finally block

76: invokevirtual #4; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

79: aload_2

80: athrow

81: return

Exception table:

from to target type

0 16 16 Class java/io/IOException

0 16 43 Class java/lang/Exception

0 32 70 any

43 59 70 any

70 71 70 any

LineNumberTable: (snipped)

StackMapTable: (snipped)

}


“try”块内的操作符是在0~16的范围内，Java源代码的“catch”块是被编在异常(Exception)表的开始两行(0(来自)~16(目标)~16(类型) java.io.IOException，0~6~43 java.lang.Exception)，catch的操作符偏移量分别是16和43。也需要注意的是，异常表的最后三行表明了方法的其他地方抛出异常的情况(在异常块内部也一样)，必须跳转到操作符70处来进行finally块的处理。而且需要注意的是，每个catch块都会对应一个finally块，所以finally块在字节码中重复出现了两次。这只是一个简单的例子，让我们看见了javac编译产生的字节码输出。

JVM字节码集合有212个操作符，46个保留字为后续扩展使用。完全的集合可以通过JVM规范来了解。