1.本例子借用thinkingInJava第4版中文版P163中PolyConstructors.java例子修改后,说明一定问题:
该类中包含:静态属性、静态代码块、成员变量、普通代码块、父子类关系、子类重写父类方法
package com.iteye.bobby.base;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class Glyph {
private static String baseStr = "static String field";
static {
System.out.println("baseStr = " + baseStr);
System.out.println("Glyph.enclosing_method(static)");
}
{
System.out.println("Glyph.enclosing_method(noraml)");
}
Glyph() {
print("Glyph() before draw()");
draw();
print("Glyph() after draw()");
}
void draw() {
print("Glyph.draw()");
}
}
class RoundGlyph extends Glyph {
private int radius = 1;
private Glyph glyph = new Glyph();//成员变量赋值时创建对象
static {
System.out.println("RoundGlyph.enclosing_method(static)");
}
{
System.out.println("RoundGlyph.enclosing_method(noraml)");
System.out.println(" radius = " + radius);
System.out.println("new glyph() = " + glyph);
}
RoundGlyph(int r) {
radius = r;
print("RoundGlyph.RoundGlyph(), radius = " + radius);
}
void draw() {
print("RoundGlyph.draw(), radius = " + radius);
}
}
public class PolyConstructors {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new RoundGlyph(5);
}
}
Result:
baseStr = static String field
Glyph.enclosing_method(static)
RoundGlyph.enclosing_method(static)
Glyph.enclosing_method(noraml)
Glyph() before draw()
RoundGlyph.draw(), radius = 0
Glyph() after draw()
Glyph.enclosing_method(noraml)
Glyph() before draw()
Glyph.draw()
Glyph() after draw()
RoundGlyph.enclosing_method(noraml)
radius = 1
new glyph() = com.iteye.bobby.base.Glyph@61de33
RoundGlyph.RoundGlyph(), radius = 5
2.总结类的初始化顺序
1)类的初始化
a.初始化类属性、初始化类静态代码块(先父后子,按书写顺序执行)
2)对象的创建
a.所有的成员变量—包括该类,及它的父类中的成员变量--被分配内存空间,并赋予默认值。
b.为父类的成员变量赋值,并执行父类的普通代码块(按书写顺序执行)
c.执行父类构造函数
d.为子类的成员变量赋值,并执行子类普通的代码块(如果成员变量赋值时创建对象,则先父后子执行普通代码块和构造方法,然后在往下走)
e.执行子类构造函数