CRF++的简单使用

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21.2pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CRF++</span></span><span style="">是著名的条件随机场开源工具，也是目前综合性能最佳的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CRF</span></span><span style="">工具。本文简要介绍其使用方法。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Calibri;">一、</span></span></span><span style="">工具包的下载：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">a)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://crfpp.sourceforge.net/"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">http://crfpp.sourceforge.net</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">其中有两种，一种是</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Linux</span></span><span style="">下（带源码）的，一种是</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">win32</span></span><span style="">的，当然是在什么平台下用就下载什么版本了。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">b)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://download.csdn.net/source/1425683"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">http://download.csdn.net/source/1425683</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">两种版本打成一个包了。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Calibri;">二、</span></span></span><span style="">安装：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">a)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Windows</span></span><span style="">版的无须安装，直接解压即可使用；</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">b)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Linux</span></span><span style="">版本的安装方法是：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">i.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">解压到某目录下</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">ii.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">打开控制台，将当前目录切换到解压目录</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">iii.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">依次输入命令：</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">./configure</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">make</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">su</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">make install</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></span><span style="">注：需要</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">root</span></span><span style="">权限才能成功安装。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Calibri;">三、</span></span></span><span style="">训练语料格式：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">a)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">训练语料至少应具有两列，列间由空格或制表位间隔，且所有行（空行除外）必须具有相同的列数。句子间使用空行间隔。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">b)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">一些合法的语料示例：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">i.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">有两列特征的</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">太</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Sd N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">短</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Sa N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">而</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Bu N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">已</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Eu N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Sw N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">以</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Sp N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">家</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Bn N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">乡</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> En N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Su N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">ii.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">只有一列特征的</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">太</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">短</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">而</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">已</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">以</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">家</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">乡</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Calibri;">四、</span></span></span><span style="">特征的选取及模板的编写：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">a)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">特征选取的行是相对的，列是绝对的，一般选取相对行前后</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">m</span></span><span style="">行，选取</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">n-1</span></span><span style="">列（假设语料总共有</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">n</span></span><span style="">列），特征表示方法为：</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">%x[</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,</span></span><span style="">列</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">]</span></span><span style="">，行列的初始位置都为</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">。例如：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">i.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">以前面语料为例</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">“</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Sw N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">北</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Bns B-LOC</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">京</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Mns I-LOC</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">市</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Ens I-LOC</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">首</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Bn N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 63pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">假设当前行为“京”字这一行，那么特征可以这样选取：</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">特征模板</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">意义</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">代表特征</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[-2,0]</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-2</span></span><span style="">行，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">列</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">“</span></span></p>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: black 1pt solid; width: 126.7pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="169" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[-1,0]</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1</span></span><span style="">行，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">列</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">北</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[0,0]</span></span></p>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">行，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">列</span></span></p>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">京</span></span></p>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: black 1pt solid; width: 126.7pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="169" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[1,0]</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">行，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">列</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">市</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[2,0]</span></span></p>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span></span><span style="">行，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">列</span></span></p>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">首</span></span></p>
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</tr>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[-2,1]</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-2</span></span><span style="">行，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Sw</span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[-1,1]</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1</span></span><span style="">行，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列</span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Bns </span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[0,1]</span></span></p>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">行，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Mns</span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[1,1]</span></span></p>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">行，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Ens </span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[2,1]</span></span></p>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span></span><span style="">行，</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Sw</span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[-1,0]/%x[0,0]</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">列与</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">列的组合</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">北</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">/</span></span><span style="">京</span></span></p>
</td>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: black 1pt solid; width: 126.7pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="169" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[0,0]/%x[1,0]</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">列与</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">列的组合</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">京</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">/</span></span><span style="">市</span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[-2,1]/%x[-1,1]</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-2</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列与</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列的组合</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Sw/ Bns</span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[-1,1]/%x[0,1]</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列与</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列的组合</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Bns/Mns</span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[0,1]/%x[1,1]</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列与</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列的组合</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Mns/Ens</span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[1,1]/%x[2,1]</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列与</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列的组合</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Ens/Sw</span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[-2,1]/%x[-1,1]/%x[0,1]</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-2</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列的组合</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Sw/Bns/Mns</span></span></p>
</td>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: black 1pt solid; width: 126.7pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="169" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[-1,1]/%x[0,1]/%x[1,1]</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-1</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列的组合</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Bns/Mns/Ens</span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="">
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: black 1pt solid; width: 126.7pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="169" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">%x[0,1]/%x[1,1]/%x[2,1]</span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 184.25pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="246" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span></span><span style="">行</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span></span><span style="">列的组合</span></span></p>
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<td style="border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; border-left: #ece9d8; width: 70.9pt; padding-top: 0cm; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; background-color: transparent;" width="95" valign="top">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">Mns/Ens/Sw</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">b)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">模板制作：模板分为两类：</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Unigram</span></span><span style="">和</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Bigram</span></span><span style="">。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">其中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Unigram/Bigram</span></span><span style="">是指输出</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">token</span></span><span style="">的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Unigram/Bigrams</span></span><span style="">，而不是特征。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">c)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">以前面示例中的特征为特征，制作为</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Unigram</span></span><span style="">模板如下：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">#Unigram</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U00:%x[-2,0]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U01:%x[-1,0]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U02:%x[0,0]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U03:%x[1,0]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U04:%x[2,0]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U05:%x[-2,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U06:%x[-1,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U07:%x[0,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U08:%x[1,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U09:%x[2,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U10:%x[-1,0]/%x[0,0]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U11:%x[0,0]/%x[1,0]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U12:%x[-2,1]/%x[-1,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U13:%x[-1,1]/%x[0,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U14:%x[0,1]/%x[1,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U15:%x[1,1]/%x[2,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U16:%x[-2,1]/%x[-1,1]/%x[0,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U17:%x[-1,1]/%x[0,1]/%x[1,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">U18:%x[0,1]/%x[1,1]/%x[2,1]</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">说明：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">i.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">其中</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">#</span></span><span style="">开头的行不起作为，为注释；</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">ii.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">行与行之间可以有空行；</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">iii.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Unigram</span></span><span style="">的特征前使用字母</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">U</span></span><span style="">，而</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Bigram</span></span><span style="">的特征前使用字母</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">B</span></span><span style="">。后面的数字用于区分特征，当然这些数字不是一定要连续。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Calibri;">五、</span></span></span><span style="">训练方法</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">a)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">语料的训练可以使用命令（在终端或</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">DOS</span></span><span style="">命令行中）：</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">crf_learn <</span></span><span style="">模板</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">> <</span></span><span style="">训练语料</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">> <</span></span><span style="">模板文件</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">其中模板和训练语料是需要事先准备好的，模板文件在训练完成后生成</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">注意：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">1)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">如果提示语料格式错误，则注意检查语料的存储编码，有些编码</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CRF++</span></span><span style="">是会读取错误的；</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">2)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">文件路径要正确，如果文件没在当前目录，那么要使用绝对路径。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">b)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">训练中一些参数的说明：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">ter</span></span><span style="">：迭代次数</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">terr</span></span><span style="">：标记错误率</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">serr</span></span><span style="">：句字错误率</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">obj</span></span><span style="">：当前对象的值。当这个值收敛到一个确定值的时候，训练完成</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">diff</span></span><span style="">：与上一个对象值之间的相对差</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Calibri;">六、</span></span></span><span style="">解码方法</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">a)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">可以使用</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">crf_test -m <</span></span><span style="">模板文件</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">> <</span></span><span style="">测试文件</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1> <</span></span><span style="">测试文件</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2> </span></span><span style="">……。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">b)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">结果会直接输出到屏幕上面，如果想让结果保存到文件中，那么使用重定向，在上面命令后面加上一个开关“</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">></span></span><span style="">”即可：</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">crf_test -m <</span></span><span style="">模板文件</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">> <</span></span><span style="">测试文件</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1> > <</span></span><span style="">保存位置</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">></span></span><span style="">。例如：</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">crf_test -m model test.txt > result.txt</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-family: Calibri;">七、</span></span></span><span style="">评测工具</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CoNLL 2000</span></span><span style="">的用法</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">a)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">下载：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">i.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://download.csdn.net/source/1425687"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">http://download.csdn.net/source/1425687</span></a></span> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">ii.</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> <span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.cnts.ua.ac.be/conll2000/chunking/output.html"><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">http://www.cnts.ua.ac.be/conll2000/chunking/output.html</span></a></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">b)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">使用它是用来评分，所以要求</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">crf_test</span></span><span style="">一步使用的测试文件中本身带有答案，这样解码后生成的结果会在答案的后一列。比如原来为：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">使</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> En N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Sw N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">交</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Bni B-ORG</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">通</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Mni I-ORG</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">部</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Eni I-ORG</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">部</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Bn N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">那么解码后变成：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">使</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> En N<span style=""> </span>N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Sw N<span style=""> </span>N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">交</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Bni B-ORG<span style=""> </span>B-ORG</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">通</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Mni I-ORG<span style=""> </span>I-ORG</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">部</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Eni I-ORG<span style=""> </span>I-ORG</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">部</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> Bn N<span style=""> </span>N</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CoNLL 2000</span></span><span style="">将把最后一列与倒数第二列进行对比，统计出最后各类的正确率，召回率、</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">F</span></span><span style="">值等。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">c)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">使用评测工具前要将评测文件中的所有制表位转换成空格，否则评测工具会出错。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small; font-family: Calibri;">d)</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">评测命令为：</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">perl conlleval.pl < <</span></span><span style="">评测文件</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">></span></span></span></p>