深入理解Oracle索引(19)：表被 delete 后、索引叶子块里 entry 条目的状态

先瞧一个大家习以为常的现象：

hr@ORCL> drop table t purge;

Table dropped.

hr@ORCL> create table t (x number,y varchar2(30));

Table created.

hr@ORCL> insert into t select rownum,rownum||'a' from dual connect by rownum<1000000;

999999 rows created.

hr@ORCL> create index idx_t on t(y);    

Index created.

hr@ORCL> commit;

Commit complete.

hr@ORCL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'HR',tabname=>'T',estimate_percent=>100,cascade=>TRUE,no_invalidate=>false);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

hr@ORCL> Set autotrace traceonly

/* 走的是 INDEX RANGE SCAN、Cost 为 6、3个逻辑读 */
hr@ORCL> select count(*) from t where y='999999a';


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1500240790

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name  | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |       |     1 |     8 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE   |       |     1 |     8 |            |          |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_T |     1 |     8 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("Y"='999999a')


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          3  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        411  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed

hr@ORCL> delete t;

999999 rows deleted.

hr@ORCL> commit;

Commit complete.

/* 表清空后、走的依然是INDEX RANGE SCAN、Cost 为 6、3个逻辑读 */
hr@ORCL> select count(*) from t where y='999999a';


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1500240790

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name  | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |       |     1 |     8 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE   |       |     1 |     8 |            |          |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_T |     1 |     8 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("Y"='999999a')


Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          3  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        410  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        385  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed

意料之内、delete后查询逻辑读仍然相同、这表明、INDEX RANGE SCAN扫描的叶子块数目没有变
也就是说、整表delete后、索引根块+分支块的内容也没变、还是能够通过分支块的内容定位到第一个叶子块

那么、记录被清空、索引的entry也被清空、Oracle如何判断出读到哪个叶子块停下来？
答案其实也很简单、索引的entry条目的删除、并非物理被干掉、只是打了个标记D、因此、Oracle还是能够知道读到哪停止


所以、经过上面的看和想、我想我们平时在操作DB时、应该要规范点、正经点、认真点、严肃点

以下针对这个现象的两个规范操作：

① 整表删除用 truncate
② 大量数据 delete 、重建索引

By David Lin

2013-06-06

Good Luck