对称算法——加密和解密算法（Rijndael、DES、RC2和TripleDES）

SymmetricAlgorithm类提供对称算法。常用于对文本、文件的重要数据的加密解密。在计算过程中，算法需要相同的键（Key）和向量（IV）数据才能将加密的数据还原。不同的算法（Rijndael、DES、RC2和TripleDES）对键和向量的数据位数限制可能不同，具体请参考MSDN中的RijndaelManaged、DESCryptoServiceProvider、RC2CryptoServiceProvider和TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider。

下面是对此算法的一个封装，对字符串加密解密时可以使用静态的Encrypt和Decrypt方法，而对文件的计算时使用实例化的的EncryptData和DecryptData方法。

using System.IO; using System.Security.Cryptography; namespace SymmetricAlgorithm_Demo { public class MySymmetricAlgorithm { /// <summary> /// 按指定对称密钥加密字符串 /// </summary> public static byte[] Encrypt(string plainText, SymmetricAlgorithm alg) { var ms = new MemoryStream(); var encStream = new CryptoStream(ms, alg.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write); var sw = new StreamWriter(encStream); sw.WriteLine(plainText); sw.Close(); encStream.Close(); var buffer = ms.ToArray(); ms.Close(); return buffer; } /// <summary> /// 按指定对称密钥解密数据 /// </summary> public static string Decrypt(byte[] cypherText, SymmetricAlgorithm alg) { var ms = new MemoryStream(cypherText); var encStream = new CryptoStream(ms, alg.CreateDecryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Read); var sr = new StreamReader(encStream); var val = sr.ReadLine(); sr.Close(); encStream.Close(); ms.Close(); return val; } /// <summary> /// 按指定对称算法、键和向量加密字符串 /// </summary> public static byte[] Encrypt(string plainText, string algName, byte[] rgbKey, byte[] rgbIv) { var alg = SymmetricAlgorithm.Create(algName); var transform = alg.CreateEncryptor(rgbKey, rgbIv); var ms = new MemoryStream(); var encStream = new CryptoStream(ms, transform, CryptoStreamMode.Write); var sw = new StreamWriter(encStream); sw.WriteLine(plainText); sw.Close(); encStream.Close(); var buffer = ms.ToArray(); ms.Close(); return buffer; } /// <summary> /// 按指定对称算法、键和向量解密数据 /// </summary> public static string Decrypt(byte[] cypherText, string algName, byte[] rgbKey, byte[] rgbIv) { var alg = SymmetricAlgorithm.Create(algName); var transform = alg.CreateDecryptor(rgbKey, rgbIv); var ms = new MemoryStream(cypherText); var encStream = new CryptoStream(ms, transform, CryptoStreamMode.Read); var sr = new StreamReader(encStream); var val = sr.ReadLine(); sr.Close(); encStream.Close(); ms.Close(); return val; } //------下面为对文件/流加密解密的需要实例化的部分------ /// <summary> /// 完成计算的回调 /// </summary> public delegate void EndCallback(EndState endState); /// <summary> /// 进行计算时的回调 /// </summary> public delegate void ProgressCallback(ProgressState progressState); private bool _cancel; //取消计算 /// <summary> /// 停止计算 /// </summary> public void Stop() { _cancel = true; } /// <summary> /// 按指定对称算法、键和向量将输入文件加密结果保存为输出文件 /// </summary> /// <param name="inFileName">输入文件</param> /// <param name="outFileName">输出文件</param> /// <param name="algName">对称算法名称</param> /// <param name="rgbKey">键</param> /// <param name="rgbIv">向量</param> /// <param name="progressCallback">进度回调函数</param> /// <param name="endCallback">结束计算的回调函数</param> /// <param name="state">传递给回调的参数</param> public void EncryptData(string inFileName, string outFileName, string algName, byte[] rgbKey, byte[] rgbIv, ProgressCallback progressCallback, EndCallback endCallback, object state) { var alg = SymmetricAlgorithm.Create(algName); alg.Key = rgbKey; alg.IV = rgbIv; EncryptData(inFileName, outFileName, alg, progressCallback, endCallback, state); } /// <summary> /// 按指定对称密钥将输入文件加密结果保存为输出文件 /// </summary> /// <param name="inFileName">输入文件</param> /// <param name="outFileName">输出文件</param> /// <param name="alg">对称密钥</param> /// <param name="progressCallback">进度回调函数</param> /// <param name="endCallback">结束计算的回调函数</param> /// <param name="state">传递给回调的参数</param> public void EncryptData(string inFileName, string outFileName, SymmetricAlgorithm alg, ProgressCallback progressCallback, EndCallback endCallback, object state) { using (var infs = new FileStream(inFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read)) { using (var outfs = new FileStream(outFileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.Read)) { EncryptData(infs, outfs, alg, progressCallback, endCallback, state); } } } /// <summary> /// 按指定对称密钥将输入流加密结果保存为输出流 /// </summary> /// <param name="inStream">输入流（可读）</param> /// <param name="outStream">输出流（可写）</param> /// <param name="alg">对称密钥</param> /// <param name="progressCallback">进度回调函数</param> /// <param name="endCallback">结束计算的回调函数</param> /// <param name="state">传递给回调的参数</param> public void EncryptData(Stream inStream, Stream outStream, SymmetricAlgorithm alg, ProgressCallback progressCallback, EndCallback endCallback, object state) { const int bufferSize = 100; _cancel = false; long bytesRead = 0L; long totalBytesLength = inStream.Length; var buffer = new byte[bufferSize]; using (var encStream = new CryptoStream(outStream, alg.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write)) { int num; do { num = inStream.Read(buffer, 0, bufferSize); encStream.Write(buffer, 0, num); if (progressCallback == null) continue; bytesRead += num; progressCallback(new ProgressState(bytesRead, totalBytesLength, state)); //进度回调 } while (num > 0 && !_cancel); if (endCallback != null) endCallback(new EndState(_cancel, state)); //计算结束回调 } } /// <summary> /// 按指定对称算法、键和向量将输入文件解密结果保存为输出文件 /// </summary> /// <param name="inFileName">输入文件</param> /// <param name="outFileName">输出文件</param> /// <param name="algName">对称算法名称</param> /// <param name="rgbKey">键</param> /// <param name="rgbIv">向量</param> /// <param name="progressCallback">进度回调函数</param> /// <param name="endCallback">结束计算的回调函数</param> /// <param name="state">传递给回调的参数</param> public void DecryptData(string inFileName, string outFileName, string algName, byte[] rgbKey, byte[] rgbIv, ProgressCallback progressCallback, EndCallback endCallback, object state) { var alg = SymmetricAlgorithm.Create(algName); alg.Key = rgbKey; alg.IV = rgbIv; DecryptData(inFileName, outFileName, alg, progressCallback, endCallback, state); } /// <summary> /// 按指定对称密钥将输入文件解密结果保存为输出文件 /// </summary> /// <param name="inFileName">输入文件</param> /// <param name="outFileName">输出文件</param> /// <param name="alg">对称密钥</param> /// <param name="progressCallback">进度回调函数</param> /// <param name="endCallback">结束计算的回调函数</param> /// <param name="state">传递给回调的参数</param> public void DecryptData(string inFileName, string outFileName, SymmetricAlgorithm alg, ProgressCallback progressCallback, EndCallback endCallback, object state) { using (var infs = new FileStream(inFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read)) { using (var outfs = new FileStream(outFileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.Read)) { DecryptData(infs, outfs, alg, progressCallback, endCallback, state); } } } /// <summary> /// 按指定对称密钥将输入流解密结果保存为输出流 /// </summary> /// <param name="inStream">输入流（可读）</param> /// <param name="outStream">输出流（可写）</param> /// <param name="alg">对称密钥</param> /// <param name="progressCallback">进度回调函数</param> /// <param name="endCallback">结束计算的回调函数</param> /// <param name="state">传递给回调的参数</param> public void DecryptData(Stream inStream, Stream outStream, SymmetricAlgorithm alg, ProgressCallback progressCallback, EndCallback endCallback, object state) { const int bufferSize = 100; _cancel = false; long bytesRead = 0L; long totalBytesLength = inStream.Length; var buffer = new byte[bufferSize]; using (var encStream = new CryptoStream(inStream, alg.CreateDecryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Read)) { int num; do { num = encStream.Read(buffer, 0, bufferSize); outStream.Write(buffer, 0, num); if (progressCallback == null) continue; bytesRead += num; progressCallback(new ProgressState(bytesRead, totalBytesLength, state)); //进度回调 } while (num > 0 && !_cancel); if (endCallback != null) endCallback(new EndState(_cancel, state)); //计算结束回调 } } /// <summary> /// 为EndCallback提供数据 /// </summary> public class EndState { internal EndState(bool isCancel, object state) { IsCancel = isCancel; State = state; } /// <summary> /// 是否取消退出的 /// </summary> public bool IsCancel { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// 获得传递的参数 /// </summary> public object State { get; private set; } } /// <summary> /// 为ProgressCallback提供数据 /// </summary> public class ProgressState { internal ProgressState(long byteRead, long totalBytesLength, object state) { BytesRead = byteRead; TotalBytesLength = totalBytesLength; State = state; } /// <summary> /// 获得已经计算完成的字节数 /// </summary> public long BytesRead { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// 获得总字节数 /// </summary> public long TotalBytesLength { get; private set; } /// <summary> /// 获得传递的参数 /// </summary> public object State { get; private set; } } } } /* * algName: * Rijndael - RijndaelManaged * DES - DESCryptoServiceProvider * RC2 - RC2CryptoServiceProvider * TripleDES - TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider */

这是一个简单的演示：

源文件请从这里下载：

SymmetricAlgorithm_Demo_Src.7z