最近用到对文本内容进行加密,于是查了一下常用的加密算法:
DES(Data Encryption Standard):对称算法,数据加密标准,速度较快,适用于加密大量数据的场合;
3DES(Triple DES):是基于DES的对称算法,对一块数据用三个不同的密钥进行三次加密,强度更高;
RC2和 RC4:对称算法,用变长密钥对大量数据进行加密,比 DES 快;
IDEA(International Data Encryption Algorithm)国际数据加密算法,使用 128 位密钥提供非常强的安全性;
RSA:由 RSA 公司发明,是一个支持变长密钥的公共密钥算法,需要加密的文件块的长度也是可变的,非对称算法;
DSA(Digital Signature Algorithm):数字签名算法,是一种标准的 DSS(数字签名标准),严格来说不算加密算法;
AES(Advanced Encryption Standard):高级加密标准,对称算法,是下一代的加密算法标准,速度快,安全级别高,目前 AES 标准的一个实现是 Rijndael 算法;
BLOWFISH,它使用变长的密钥,长度可达448位,运行速度很快;
MD5:严格来说不算加密算法,只能说是摘要算法。
以下是Java 实现AES加解密的示例:
加密:
- /*
- * encrypt
- * @param content:
- * @param password:
- */
- private static byte[] encrypt(String content, String password) {
- try {
- KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
- kgen.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes()));
- SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey();
- byte[] encodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();
- SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(encodeFormat, "AES");
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
- byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("utf-8");
- cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
- byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent);
- return result;
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- }
解密:
- /*
- * decrypt
- * @param content:
- * @param password:
- */
- private static byte[] decrypt(byte[] content, String password) {
- try {
- KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
- kgen.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes()));
- SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey();
- byte[] encodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();
- SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(encodeFormat, "AES");
- Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
- cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
- byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(content);
- return result;
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- }
- String content = "test";
- String password = "12345678";
- //加密
- System.out.println("加密前:" + content);
- byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);
- //解密
- byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(encryptResult,password);
- System.out.println("解密后:" + new String(decryptResult));
- 加密前:test
- 解密后:test
如果加密后想十六进制显示,可以添加两个函数,二进制与十六进制转换
二进制转换为十六进制:
- private static String parseByte2HexStr(byte buf[]) {
- StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
- for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
- String hex = Integer.toHexString(buf[i] & 0xFF);
- if (hex.length() == 1) {
- hex = '0' + hex;
- }
- sb.append(hex.toUpperCase());
- }
- return sb.toString();
- }
十六进制转换为二进制:
- private static byte[] parseHexStr2Byte(String hexStr) {
- if (hexStr.length() < 1) {
- return null;
- }
- byte[] result = new byte[hexStr.length() / 2];
- for (int i = 0; i < hexStr.length() / 2; i++) {
- int high = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2, i*2+1), 16);
- int low = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2+1, i*2+2), 16);
- result[i] = (byte)(high * 16 + low);
- }
- return result;
- }
示例:
- String content = "test";
- String password = "12345678";
- //加密
- System.out.println("加密前:" + content);
- byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);
- String encryptResultStr = parseByte2HexStr(encryptResult);
- System.out.println("加密后:" + encryptResultStr);
- //解密
- byte[] decryptFrom = parseHexStr2Byte(encryptResultStr);
- byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(decryptFrom,password);
- System.out.println("解密后:" + new String(decryptResult));
输出:
- 加密前:test
- 加密后:73C58BAFE578C59366D8C995CD0B9D6D
- 解密后:test
注:代码参考于网络