D语言泛型

比C++容易的泛型。

看看下面简单的例子：

module testContainer;
import std.stdio;
import std.container;
void main(){
SList!int myList;
foreach(i;0..10){
myList.insert(i);
}
foreach(element;myList){
writeln(element);
}
}

现在来定义个User类，放入SList中：

module freebird;
import std.string;
class User{
private:
string name;
public:
void setName(string argName){
name = argName;
}
string getName(){
return name;
}
}
main.d file:
module testContainer;
import std.stdio;
import std.container;
import std.format;
import freebird;
import std.conv;
void main(){
SList!User users;
foreach(i;0..10){
string part1 ="name";
string part2 = to!string(i);
string name = part1 ~ part2;
User user = new User();
user.setName(name);
users.insert(user);
}
foreach(curUser;users){
writeln(curUser.getName());

编写自己的模板，有一个Users类，内部管理了很多User对象。可以用在多线程和单线程环境下，因此接受一个模板策略类Lock。

main.d文件

void main(){
alias UserTemplate!(MutexLock).Users UsersType;
UsersType users = new UsersType();
foreach(i;0..10){
string part1 ="name";
string part2 = to!string(i);
string name = part1 ~ part2;
User user = new User();
user.setName(name);
users.add(user);
}
foreach(curUser;users.getValues()){
writeln(curUser.getName());
}
}

users.d文件

module freebird.users;
import std.container;
import freebird.user;
//Pass MutexLock if you are in multi-thread context
//Pass NoneLock if you are in single-thread context
template UserTemplate(Lock){
class Users{
private:
SList!User values;
Lock l;
public:
this(){
l = new Lock();

lock.d文件

module freebird.lock;
import std.stdio;
class MutexLock{
public:
void lock(){
writeln("mutex lock");
}
void unlock(){
writeln("mutex unlock");
}
};
class NoneLock{
public:
void lock(){
writeln("nothing lock");
}
void unlock(){
writeln("nothing unlock");
}
}