[Cocoa]深入浅出Cocoa之 Method Swizzling

[Cocoa]深入浅出Cocoa之 Method Swizzling

罗朝辉(http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin)

CC许可,转载请注明出处

在前文深入浅出Cocoa之消息中,我简要介绍了ObjC 中消息的基本情况,包括SEL查找,缓存以及消息转发等。在本文中,我要介绍一个很有趣的技术,Method swizzling,通过这个手法,我们可以动态修改方法的实现,从而达到修改类行为的目的。当然,还有其他办法(如ClassPosing,Category)也可以达到这个目的。ClassPosing 是针对类级别的,是重量级的手法,Category 也差不多,比较重量级,此外 Category 还无法避免下面的递归死循环(如果你的代码出现了如下形式的递归调用,应该考虑一下你的设计,而不是使用在这里介绍的 Method Swizzling 手法,:))。

// Bar // @implementation Bar - (void) testMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar testMethod"); } @end // Bar(BarCategory) // @implementation Bar(BarCategory) - (void) altRecursionMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod"); [self altRecursionMethod]; } @end
在前文 深入浅出Cocoa之消息中提到,ObjC 中的类(class)和实例(instance)都是对象,类对象有自己的类方法列表,实例对象有自己的实例方法列表,这些方法列表(struct objc_method_list)是存储在 struct objc_class 中的。每个方法列表存储近似 SEL:Method 的对,Method 是一个对象,包含方法的具体实现 impl。由此可知,我们只需要修改 SEL 对应的 Method 的 impl 既可以达到修改消息行为的目的。下面来看代码:
void PerformSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel, BOOL forInstance) { // First, make sure the class isn't nil if (aClass != nil) { Method orig_method = nil, alt_method = nil; // Next, look for the methods if (forInstance) { orig_method = class_getInstanceMethod(aClass, orig_sel); alt_method = class_getInstanceMethod(aClass, alt_sel); } else { orig_method = class_getClassMethod(aClass, orig_sel); alt_method = class_getClassMethod(aClass, alt_sel); } // If both are found, swizzle them if ((orig_method != nil) && (alt_method != nil)) { IMP temp; temp = orig_method->method_imp; orig_method->method_imp = alt_method->method_imp; alt_method->method_imp = temp; } else { #if DEBUG NSLog(@"PerformSwizzle Error: Original %@, Alternate %@",(orig_method == nil)?@" not found":@" found",(alt_method == nil)?@" not found":@" found"); #endif } } else { #if DEBUG NSLog(@"PerformSwizzle Error: Class not found"); #endif } } void MethodSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel) { PerformSwizzle(aClass, orig_sel, alt_sel, YES); } void ClassMethodSwizzle(Class aClass, SEL orig_sel, SEL alt_sel) { PerformSwizzle(aClass, orig_sel, alt_sel, NO); }
让我们来分析上面代码:
1,首先,区分类方法和实例方法;
2,取得 SEL 对应的 Method;
3,修改 Method 的 impl,在这里是通过交换实现的。

上面的代码是可以工作的,但还不够完善。Apple 10.5 提供了交换 Method 实现的 API:method_exchangeImplementations。下面我们使用这个新 API,并以 NSObject category的形式给出新的实现方式:

#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE #import <objc/runtime.h> #import <objc/message.h> #else #import <objc/objc-class.h> #endif // NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory) // @interface NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory) + (BOOL)swizzleMethod:(SEL)origSel withMethod:(SEL)altSel; + (BOOL)swizzleClassMethod:(SEL)origSel withClassMethod:(SEL)altSel; @end @implementation NSObject (MethodSwizzlingCategory) + (BOOL)swizzleMethod:(SEL)origSel withMethod:(SEL)altSel { Method origMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, origSel); if (!origSel) { NSLog(@"original method %@ not found for class %@", NSStringFromSelector(origSel), [self class]); return NO; } Method altMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, altSel); if (!altMethod) { NSLog(@"original method %@ not found for class %@", NSStringFromSelector(altSel), [self class]); return NO; } class_addMethod(self, origSel, class_getMethodImplementation(self, origSel), method_getTypeEncoding(origMethod)); class_addMethod(self, altSel, class_getMethodImplementation(self, altSel), method_getTypeEncoding(altMethod)); method_exchangeImplementations(class_getInstanceMethod(self, origSel), class_getInstanceMethod(self, altSel)); return YES; } + (BOOL)swizzleClassMethod:(SEL)origSel withClassMethod:(SEL)altSel { Class c = object_getClass((id)self); return [c swizzleMethod:origSel withMethod:altSel]; } @end

代码就不用多解释了,下面我们来看如何使用。先看辅助类Foo:
Foo.h
// // Foo.h // MethodSwizzling // // Created by LuoZhaohui on 1/5/12. // Copyright (c) 2012 http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin/. All rights reserved. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> // Foo // @interface Foo : NSObject - (void) testMethod; - (void) baseMethod; - (void) recursionMethod; @end // Bar // @interface Bar : Foo - (void) testMethod; @end // Bar(BarCategory) // @interface Bar(BarCategory) - (void) altTestMethod; - (void) altBaseMethod; - (void) altRecursionMethod; @end
Foo.m
// // Foo.m // MethodSwizzling // // Created by LuoZhaohui on 1/5/12. // Copyright (c) 2012 http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin/. All rights reserved. // #import "Foo.h" // Foo // @implementation Foo - (void) testMethod { NSLog(@" >> Foo testMethod"); } - (void) baseMethod { NSLog(@" >> Foo baseMethod"); } - (void) recursionMethod { NSLog(@" >> Foo recursionMethod"); } @end // Bar // @implementation Bar - (void) testMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar testMethod"); } @end // Bar(BarCategory) // @implementation Bar(BarCategory) - (void) altTestMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod"); } - (void) altBaseMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod"); } - (void) altRecursionMethod { NSLog(@" >> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod"); [self altRecursionMethod]; } @end

下面是具体的使用示例:
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool
    {
        Foo * foo = [[[Foo alloc] init] autorelease];
        Bar * bar = [[[Bar alloc] init] autorelease];
        
        NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 1 =========");
        
        NSLog(@" Step 1");
        [foo testMethod];
        [bar testMethod];
        [bar altTestMethod];
        
        NSLog(@" Step 2");
        [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(testMethod) withMethod:@selector(altTestMethod)];
        [foo testMethod];
        [bar testMethod];
        [bar altTestMethod];
        
        NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 2 =========");
        NSLog(@" Step 1");
        [foo baseMethod];
        [bar baseMethod];
        [bar altBaseMethod];
        
        NSLog(@" Step 2");
        [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(baseMethod) withMethod:@selector(altBaseMethod)];
        [foo baseMethod];
        [bar baseMethod];
        [bar altBaseMethod];
        
        NSLog(@"========= Method Swizzling test 3 =========");
        [Bar swizzleMethod:@selector(recursionMethod) withMethod:@selector(altRecursionMethod)];
        [bar recursionMethod];
    }

    return 0;
}

输出结果为:注意,test 3 中调用了递归调用“自己”的方法,你能理解为什么没有出现死循环么?

========= Method Swizzling test 1 ========= Step 1 >> Foo testMethod >> Bar testMethod >> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod Step 2 >> Foo testMethod >> Bar(BarCategory) altTestMethod >> Bar testMethod ========= Method Swizzling test 2 ========= Step 1 >> Foo baseMethod >> Foo baseMethod >> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod Step 2 >> Foo baseMethod >> Bar(BarCategory) altBaseMethod >> Foo baseMethod ========= Method Swizzling test 3 ========= >> Bar(BarCategory) recursionMethod >> Foo recursionMethod

rentzsch 写了一个完善的开源类 jrswizzle 来处理 Method Swizzling,如果你在工程中使用到 Method Swizzling 手法,应该优先使用这个类库,:)。


Refference

MethodSwizzlinghttp://www.cocoadev.com/index.pl?ExtendingClasses

jrswizzlehttps://github.com/rentzsch/jrswizzle


 
 
 
 
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