WebService分布式开发

WebService：用来跨语言传递数据。
数据交互是通过XML来完成。

使用WebService开发一般为以下几种情况：
1） 政府或大型企业项目（要求保密性比较高的项目）：为了防止后台数据泄露，由政府机构提供后台的接口，程序员开发前台项目内容，通过调用该接口中的方法来操作数据库。最早的WebService项目一般电信系统的项目。
2） 子公司与母公司项目：只使用一套后台代码，使用多套前台代码来调用后台代码的方法。
3） 两个公司合作开发：一个公司编写前台界面，用来显示数据，另一个公司编写后台DAO部分代码，用来查询数据库。

分布式开发：建立多个项目（区分前后台项目），各个项目同时开始开发，前后台项目通过一个或多个接口进行沟通。理论上开发效率会比普通的项目要高，但由于沟通问题，一般都会导致开发效率降低。

XFire：是WebService的一个实现框架，其他的类似AXIS等也是WebService的实现框架。
XFire是Java开发WebService最容易的一个框架，自带Spring框架核心支持包，支持与Spring + Hibernate联合开发。

开发一个简单的WebService程序，使用MyEclipse开发工具，由于MyEclipse自带最新版本的XFire框架支持，因此不需要单独下载XFire的支持包。


1、建立项目
注意：不是Web项目了，改为WebService项目了



这里要配置发布的Web服务的默认路径，默认为services虚拟目录下。
services.xml（XFire核心配置文件），所有发布的服务都是通过该文件完成的。


加入jar包支持，注意开发服务器端时，不需要单独加入客户端支持jar包。
XFire 1.1jar包也不需要加入

2、加入Hibernate支持





3、生成映射




package org.mldn.lin.pojo;



public class Menu implements java.io.Serializable {

// Fields

private Integer id;

private String title;

private Integer upid;

private String url;

// Constructors


public Menu() {
}


public Menu(String title, Integer upid) {
this.title = title;
this.upid = upid;
}


public Menu(String title, Integer upid, String url) {
this.title = title;
this.upid = upid;
this.url = url;
}

// Property accessors

public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getTitle() {
return this.title;
}

public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}

public Integer getUpid() {
return this.upid;
}

public void setUpid(Integer upid) {
this.upid = upid;
}

public String getUrl() {
return this.url;
}

public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}

}

4、建立数据库连接类
package org.mldn.dbc;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class DataBaseConnection {
private static DataBaseConnection instance=new DataBaseConnection();

private SessionFactory sf;

private Session session;

private DataBaseConnection(){
sf = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}

public static DataBaseConnection getInstance(){
return instance;
}

public Session getConnection(){
if(this.session==null || !this.session.isConnected()){
this.session=sf.openSession();
}
return this.session;
}
public void colse(){
if(this.session!=null){
this.session.close();
}
}
public void commit(){
if(this.session!=null){
this.session.beginTransaction().commit();
}
}
public void rollback(){
if(this.session!=null){
this.session.beginTransaction().rollback();
}
}
}



5、建立要发布的接口与实现类、代理类

package org.mldn.lin.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.mldn.lin.pojo.Menu;

public interface MenuDAO {
public List<Menu> findAll(int cp,int ls,String keyword)throws Exception;
public int getAllCount(String keyword)throws Exception;
}

package org.mldn.lin.dao.impl;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.mldn.dbc.DataBaseConnection;
import org.mldn.lin.dao.MenuDAO;
import org.mldn.lin.pojo.Menu;

public class MenuDAOImpl implements MenuDAO {

private DataBaseConnection instance=DataBaseConnection.getInstance();

public List<Menu> findAll(int cp, int ls, String keyword) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String hql="FROM Menu WHERE title LIKE ?";
Query q=this.instance.getConnection().createQuery(hql);
q.setString(0, "%"+keyword+"%");
q.setFirstResult((cp-1)*ls);
q.setMaxResults(ls);

return q.list();
}

public int getAllCount(String keyword) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String hql="SELECT count(*) FROM Menu WHERE title LIKE ?";
Query q=this.instance.getConnection().createQuery(hql);
q.setString(0, "%"+keyword+"%");

List all =q.list();
if(all!=null && all.size()>0){
return (Integer)all.get(0);
}
return 0;
}

}

package org.mldn.lin.dao.proxy;

import java.util.List;

import org.mldn.dbc.DataBaseConnection;
import org.mldn.lin.dao.MenuDAO;
import org.mldn.lin.dao.impl.MenuDAOImpl;
import org.mldn.lin.pojo.Menu;

public class MenuDAOProxy implements MenuDAO{
private DataBaseConnection instance=DataBaseConnection.getInstance();
private MenuDAO menudao;

public MenuDAOProxy(){
this.menudao=new MenuDAOImpl();
}

public List<Menu> findAll(int cp, int ls, String keyword) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
List all=null;
try {
all=this.menudao.findAll(cp, ls, keyword);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
this.instance.colse();
}
return all;
}

public int getAllCount(String keyword) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int count=0;
try {
count=this.menudao.getAllCount(keyword);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
this.instance.colse();
}
return count;
}

}


6、进行服务的发布
在src下 new  Other
选择 MyEclipse  Web Services  WebService

选择要发布服务的项目，并使用JavaBean的形式发布服务



配置接口与实现类，设置发布的XML的样式及Servlet保存范围。

完成后会在services.xml中加入以下内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://xfire.codehaus.org/config/1.0">

<service>
<name>FirstXFire</name>
<serviceClass>org.mldn.lin.dao.MenuDAO</serviceClass>
<implementationClass>
org.mldn.lin.dao.proxy.MenuDAOProxy
</implementationClass>
<style>rpc</style>
<use>literal</use>
<scope>session</scope>
</service></beans>


7、部署项目
注意这里必须使用MyEclipse自动部署，因为XFire的支持jar包加入方式不是直接拷贝到WEB-INF下的lib下的

8、测试

通过访问http://localhost:8080/XFireBackLinDemo/services/FirstXFire?wsdl可以查看到发布的Web服务

[size=x-large] 前台代码[/size]
1、建立项目




加入所有jar包

2、删除web.xml中的XFireServlet配置
<servlet>
<servlet-name>XFireServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.codehaus.xfire.transport.http.XFireConfigurableServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>XFireServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/services
package org.mldn.lin.struts.form;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.mldn.lin.pojo.Menu;


public class MenuForm extends ActionForm {



private String keyword="";


private int cp=1;


private int ls=5;


private String status;


private Menu menu=new Menu();




public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,
HttpServletRequest request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}


public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}


public String getKeyword() {
return keyword;
}


public void setKeyword(String keyword) {
this.keyword = keyword;
}


public int getCp() {
return cp;
}


public void setCp(int cp) {
this.cp = cp;
}


public int getLs() {
return ls;
}


public void setLs(int ls) {
this.ls = ls;
}


public String getStatus() {
return status;
}


public void setStatus(String status) {
this.status = status;
}


public Menu getMenu() {
return menu;
}


public void setMenu(Menu menu) {
this.menu = menu;
}
}


6、DAOFactory
package org.mldn.lin.factory;

import org.codehaus.xfire.XFireFactory;
import org.codehaus.xfire.client.XFireProxyFactory;
import org.codehaus.xfire.service.Service;
import org.codehaus.xfire.service.binding.ObjectServiceFactory;

public class DAOFactory {
public static Object getInstance(Class clazz, String url) throws Exception {
Object obj = null;
Service srvcModel = new ObjectServiceFactory().create(clazz);
// 建立XFire工厂
XFireProxyFactory factory = new XFireProxyFactory(XFireFactory
.newInstance().getXFire());

obj = factory.create(srvcModel, url);
return obj;
}
}

7、编写Action

package org.mldn.lin.struts.action;


import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;
import org.mldn.lin.dao.MenuDAO;
import org.mldn.lin.factory.DAOFactory;
import org.mldn.lin.pojo.Menu;
import org.mldn.lin.struts.form.MenuForm;


public class MenuAction extends DispatchAction {

public ActionForward list(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
MenuForm menuForm = (MenuForm) form;// TODO Auto-generated method stub
MenuDAO menudao=null;
Menu[] all=null;
int allRecorders=0;
int allPages=0;
List allPage=new ArrayList();
try {
menudao=(MenuDAO) DAOFactory.getInstance(MenuDAO.class, "http://localhost:8080/XFireBackLinDemo/services/FirstXFire");
all=menudao.findAll(menuForm.getCp(), menuForm.getLs(), menuForm.getKeyword());
allRecorders=menudao.getAllCount(menuForm.getKeyword());
allPages = (allRecorders - 1) / menuForm.getLs() + 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= allPages; i++) {
allPage.add(i);
}

request.setAttribute("cp", menuForm.getCp());
request.setAttribute("ls", menuForm.getLs());
request.setAttribute("keyword", menuForm.getKeyword());
request.setAttribute("all", all);
request.setAttribute("allRecorders", allRecorders);
request.setAttribute("allPages", allPages);
request.setAttribute("allPage", allPage);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return mapping.findForward("list");
}
}

8、配置Action
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">

<struts-config>
<data-sources />
<form-beans >
<form-bean name="menuForm" type="org.mldn.lin.struts.form.MenuForm" />

</form-beans>

<global-exceptions />
<global-forwards />
<action-mappings >
<action
attribute="menuForm"
input="/error.jsp"
name="menuForm"
parameter="status"
path="/menu"
scope="request"
type="org.mldn.lin.struts.action.MenuAction">
<forward name="list" path="/list.jsp" />
</action>

</action-mappings>

<message-resources parameter="org.mldn.lin.struts.ApplicationResources" />
</struts-config>




9、编写前台页面
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="GBK"%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>

<body>
<center>
<a href="menu.do?status=list">列表显示</a>
</center>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="GBK"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" prefix="bean" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html" prefix="html" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-logic" prefix="logic" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function changeCp(cp){
document.splitForm.cp.value = cp ;
// 提交表单
document.splitForm.submit() ;
}
function changeLs(ls){
document.splitForm.ls.value = ls ;
document.splitForm.cp.value =1;
document.splitForm.submit() ;
}
function changeKeyword(){
document.splitForm.cp.value =1;
document.splitForm.submit() ;
}
</script>
</head>

<body>
<center>
<table border="0">
<tr>
<td>编号</td>
<td>标题</td>
<td>UPID</td>
<td>url</td>
</tr>
<logic:present name="all" scope="request">
<logic:iterate id="tempt" name="all" scope="request">
<tr>
<td>${tempt.id }</td>
<td>${tempt.title }</td>
<td>${tempt.upid }</td>
<td>${tempt.url }</td>
</tr>
</logic:iterate>
</logic:present>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/menu.do" method="post" id="splitForm" name="splitForm">
<input type="hidden" name="ls" value="${requestScope.ls }">
<input type="hidden" name="cp" value="${requestScope.cp }">
<input type="hidden" name="status" value="list">

<img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/images/img/Library-button-1.gif" width="50" height="20" border="0" onClick="changeCp(1);"/>
<img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/images/img/Library-button-2.gif" width="50" height="20" border="0" onClick="changeCp(${requestScope.cp==1?1:(requestScope.cp-1) });"/>
<img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/images/img/Library-button-4.gif" width="50" height="20" border="0" onClick="changeCp(${requestScope.cp==requestScope.allPages?requestScope.allPages:(requestScope.cp+1) });"/>
<img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/images/img/Library-button-5.gif" width="50" height="20" border="0" onClick="changeCp(${requestScope.allPages });"/>
共${requestScope.allRecorders }条 ${requestScope.allPages }页  第${requestScope.cp }页 跳转到第
<select name="mycp" οnchange="changeCp(this.value)">
<logic:present name="allPage" scope="request">
<logic:iterate id="page1" name="allPage" scope="request">
<option value="${page1 }" ${page1==cp?"selected":""}>${page1 }</option>
</logic:iterate>
</logic:present>
</select>页  每页显示
<select name="myls" οnchange="changeLs(this.value)">
<option value="2" ${requestScope.ls==2?"selected":"" }>2</option>
<option value="5" ${requestScope.ls==5?"selected":"" }>5</option>
<option value="10" ${requestScope.ls==10?"selected":"" }>10</option>
<option value="20" ${requestScope.ls==20?"selected":"" }>20</option>
</select>
</form>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

</center>
</body>
</html>