分布式专题（三）webService

 

 

RPC 包含的要素

webservice

        协议层：tcp/ip

        应用层： http协议

        SOAP： http+xml

 

什么是webservice

webservice也可以叫xml web service webservice, 轻量级的独立的通讯技术

1. 基于web的服务：服务端提供的服务接口让客户端访问
2. 跨平台、跨语言的整合方案

为什么要使用webservice

跨语言调用的解决方案

什么时候要去使用webservice

电商平台，订单的物流状态。

 .net实现的webservice服务接口

webservice中的一些概念

WSDL(web service definition language  webservice 定义语言)

webservice服务需要通过wsdl文件来说明自己有什么服务可以对外调用。并且有哪些方法、方法里面有哪些参数

wsdl基于XML（可扩展标记语言）去定义的

1.  对应一个.wsdl的文件类型
2.  定义了webservice的服务器端和客户端应用进行交互的传递数据和响应数据格式和方式
3.  一个webservice对应唯一一个wsdl文档

SOAP（simple object access protocal简单对象访问协议）

http+xml

webservice通过http协议发送和接收请求时， 发送的内容（请求报文）和接收的内容（响应报文）都是采用xml格式进行封装

这些特定的HTTP消息头和XML内容格式就是SOAP协议

1. 一种简单、基于HTTP和XML的协议
2. soap消息：请求和响应消息
3. http+xml报文

SEI（webservice endpoint interface webservice的终端接口）

webservice服务端用来处理请求的接口，也就是发布出去的接口。

 

开发一个webservice的实例

略

spring cxf+REST实现一个webservice服务

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.gupao.vip.mic.webservice</groupId>
  <artifactId>webservice-restful</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>webservice-restful Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <spring.version>4.3.10.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <jackson.version>1.9.2</jackson.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--spring核心包-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId>
      <artifactId>cxf-rt-transports-http</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--CXF相关包-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId>
      <artifactId>cxf-rt-frontend-jaxws</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId>
      <artifactId>cxf-rt-frontend-jaxrs</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.ws.rs</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.ws.rs-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- web service -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.ws.rs</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsr311-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--json-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-xc</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>webservice-restful</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

web.xml 

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <!-- 加载spring容器 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:application.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <!-- cxf的servlet -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/ws/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

public class Response {

    String code;

    String msg;

    public String getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public void setCode(String code) {
        this.code = code;
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }
}

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class Storage {

    //数据仓库
    public static List<User> users= Arrays.asList(
            new User(1,"james"),
            new User(2,"mic"),
            new User(3,"sam")
    );
}

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;


@XmlRootElement
public class User {

    private int id;

    private String name;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

import javax.jws.WebService;
import javax.ws.rs.*;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import java.util.List;

@WebService
@Path(value="/users/")
public interface UserService {

    @GET
    @Path("/")  //http://ip:port/users
    @Produces({MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,MediaType.APPLICATION_XML})
    List<User> getUsers();

    @DELETE
    @Path("{id}")  //http://ip:port/users/1
    @Produces({MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,MediaType.APPLICATION_XML}) //请求accept
    Response delete(@PathParam("id") int id);

    @GET
    @Path("{id}") //http://ip:port/users/1
    @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
    User getUser(@PathParam("id") int id);

    @POST
    @Path("add")
    Response insert(User user);

    @PUT
    @Path("update")
    Response update(User user);


}

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;


@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{

    public List<User> getUsers() {
        return Storage.users;
    }

    public Response delete(int id) { //0 1
//        Storage.users.remove(id);
        Response response=new Response();
        response.setCode("00");
        response.setMsg("succes");
        return response;
    }

    public User getUser(int id) {
        return Storage.users.get(id);
    }

    public Response insert(User user) {
        return null;
    }

    public Response update(User user) {
        return null;
    }
}

application.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:jaxrs="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
    http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs
    http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxrs.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gupao.mic.vip.demo"/>

    <jaxrs:server id="restServiceContainer" address="/">
        <jaxrs:serviceBeans>
            <ref bean="userServiceImpl"/>
        </jaxrs:serviceBeans>

        <jaxrs:extensionMappings> <!--数据类型转化支持-->
            <entry key="json" value="application/json"/>
            <entry key="xml" value="application/xml"/>
        </jaxrs:extensionMappings>

        <jaxrs:providers> <!--对象转化的一个provider-->
            <bean class="org.codehaus.jackson.jaxrs.JacksonJaxbJsonProvider"></bean>
        </jaxrs:providers>
    </jaxrs:server>

</beans>