Spring事务配置的五种方式

段时间对Spring事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于Spring事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为 HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11. <beanid="sessionFactory"
12. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
13. <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
14. <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
15. </bean>
16. <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
17. <beanid="transactionManager"
18. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
19. <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
20. </bean>
21. <!--配置DAO-->
22. <beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
23. <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
24. </bean>
25. <beanid="userDao"
26. class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
27. <!--配置事务管理器-->
28. <propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
29. <propertyname="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>
30. <propertyname="proxyInterfaces"value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"/>
31. <!--配置事务属性-->
32. <propertyname="transactionAttributes">
33. <props>
34. <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
35. </props>
36. </property>
37. </bean>
38. </beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个父类bean

1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11. <beanid="sessionFactory"
12. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
13. <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
14. <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
15. </bean>
16. <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
17. <beanid="transactionManager"
18. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
19. <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
20. </bean>
21. <beanid="transactionBase"
22. class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
23. lazy-init="true"abstract="true">
24. <!--配置事务管理器-->
25. <propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
26. <!--配置事务属性-->
27. <propertyname="transactionAttributes">
28. <props>
29. <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
30. </props>
31. </property>
32. </bean>
33. <!--配置DAO-->
34. <beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
35. <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
36. </bean>
37. <beanid="userDao"parent="transactionBase">
38. <propertyname="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>
39. </bean>
40. </beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
11. <beanid="sessionFactory"
12. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
13. <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
14. <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
15. </bean>
16. <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
17. <beanid="transactionManager"
18. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
19. <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
20. </bean>
22. <beanid="transactionInterceptor"
23. class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
24. <propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
25. <!--配置事务属性-->
26. <propertyname="transactionAttributes">
27. <props>
28. <propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
29. </props>
30. </property>
31. </bean>
32. <beanclass="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
33. <propertyname="beanNames">
34. <list>
35. <value>*Dao</value>
36. </list>
37. </property>
38. <propertyname="interceptorNames">
39. <list>
40. <value>transactionInterceptor</value>
41. </list>
42. </property>
43. </bean>
44. <!--配置DAO-->
45. <beanid="userDao"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
46. <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
47. </bean>
48. </beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
13.  
14. <context:annotation-config/>
15. <context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>
16. <beanid="sessionFactory"
17. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
18. <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
19. <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
20. </bean>
21. <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
22. <beanid="transactionManager"
23. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
24. <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
25. </bean>
26. <tx:adviceid="txAdvice"transaction-manager="transactionManager">
27. <tx:attributes>
28. <tx:methodname="*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>
29. </tx:attributes>
30. </tx:advice>
31. <aop:config>
32. <aop:pointcutid="interceptorPointCuts"
33. expression="execution(*com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/>
34. <aop:advisoradvice-ref="txAdvice"
35. pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>
36. </aop:config>
37. </beans>

第五种方式：全注解

1. <?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
2. <beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
5. xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
6. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
7. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
8. http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
9. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
10. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
11. http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
12. http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
13.  
14. <context:annotation-config/>
15. <context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>
16. <tx:annotation-driventransaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
17. <beanid="sessionFactory"
18. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
19. <propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
20. <propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
21. </bean>
22. <!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
23. <beanid="transactionManager"
24. class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
25. <propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
26. </bean>
27. </beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

1. packagecom.bluesky.spring.dao;
2. importjava.util.List;
3. importorg.hibernate.SessionFactory;
4. importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
5. importorg.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
6. importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;
7. importcom.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
8. @Transactional
9. @Component("userDao")
10. publicclassUserDaoImplextendsHibernateDaoSupportimplementsUserDao{
11. publicList<User>listUsers(){
12. returnthis.getSession().createQuery("fromUser").list();
13. }
14. }