the observer pattern 观察者模式
2011年09月01日
keeping your objects in the know 类似于报纸发行商和订阅者之间的关系
publisher + subscribers = observer pattern
我们称发行者为subject,订阅者为observers
1.subject对象管理一些数据
2.当subject对象中的数据改变时,通知observers
3.注册到subject的observers接收更新,当subject中的数据改变
观察者模式定义一个一对多的关系,当那个一个对象状态改变,附属的多个对象会接收到通知然后自动修改自己的状态
观察者模式提供subject和observer之间的松耦合
好处:
1.subject只知道observer实现了一个特定接口
2.很容易添加一个新的observer
3.添加新的observer不需要修改subject
4.重用subject,observer很方便,他们之间独立存在
5.对于subject,observer的修改不会影响到对方
例子:
一个天气采集系统,参数有温度,湿度以及气压,有多个显示系统,当3个参数改变的时候,显示系统都要相应的修改
一般情况的设计: public calss WeatherData{ //instance variable decalrations public void measurementsChanged(){ float temp = getTemperature(); float pressure = gethumidity(); float pressure = getPressure(); currentConditionsDisplay.update(temp,humidity,pres sure); statisticsDisplay.update(temp,humidity,pressure); } //other weatherData methods here }
但是我们每次新添加一个显示系统需要修改代码,不能在运行时添加或者删除某个显示系统,采用观察者模式修改如下: public interface Subject{ public void registerObserver(Observer o); public void removeObserver(Observer o); public void notifyObserver(); } public interface Observer{ public void update(float temp,float humidity,float pressure); } public class WeatherData implements Subject { private ArrayList observers; private float temperature; private float humidity; private float pressure; public WeatherData(){ observer = new ArrayList(); } public void registerobserver(Observer o){ observers.add(o); } public void removeObserver(Observer o){ int i = observers.indexOf(o); if(i>=0) observers.remove(o); } public void notifyObservers(){ for(int i=0;i先调用setChanged()方法指明状态已经修改
2>调用notifyObservers()方法:notifyObservers()或者notifyObservers(Object arg)
我们可以在setChanged()方法中加入一些特殊条件的判断
3.observer接收通知
update(Observable o,Object arg)
这里的object对应notifyObservers(Object obj)中的对象,如果调用的notifyObservers()方法,则update中的Object为null
observer可以用传递过来的参数也可以从Observable中通过getter方法得到需要的参数 package pattern; import java.util.Observable; public class WeatherData extends Observable{ private float temperature; private float humidity; private float pressure; public WeatherData(){ } public void measurementsChanged(){ setChanged(); notifyObservers(); } public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure){ this.temperature = temperature; this.humidity = humidity; this.pressure = pressure; measurementsChanged(); } public float getTemperature() { return temperature; } public float getHumidity() { return humidity; } public float getPressure() { return pressure; } }
package pattern; import java.util.Observable; import java.util.Observer; public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer { Observable observable; private float temperature; private float humidity; public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Observable observable) { this.observable = observable; observable.addObserver(this); } public void update(Observable obs, Object arg) { if (obs instanceof WeatherData) { WeatherData weatherData = (WeatherData) obs; this.temperature = weatherData.getTemperature(); this.humidity = weatherData.getHumidity(); display(); } } public void display() { System.out.println("current condition: " + temperature + "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity"); } }
2011年09月01日
keeping your objects in the know 类似于报纸发行商和订阅者之间的关系
publisher + subscribers = observer pattern
我们称发行者为subject,订阅者为observers
1.subject对象管理一些数据
2.当subject对象中的数据改变时,通知observers
3.注册到subject的observers接收更新,当subject中的数据改变
观察者模式定义一个一对多的关系,当那个一个对象状态改变,附属的多个对象会接收到通知然后自动修改自己的状态
观察者模式提供subject和observer之间的松耦合
好处:
1.subject只知道observer实现了一个特定接口
2.很容易添加一个新的observer
3.添加新的observer不需要修改subject
4.重用subject,observer很方便,他们之间独立存在
5.对于subject,observer的修改不会影响到对方
例子:
一个天气采集系统,参数有温度,湿度以及气压,有多个显示系统,当3个参数改变的时候,显示系统都要相应的修改
一般情况的设计: public calss WeatherData{ //instance variable decalrations public void measurementsChanged(){ float temp = getTemperature(); float pressure = gethumidity(); float pressure = getPressure(); currentConditionsDisplay.update(temp,humidity,pres sure); statisticsDisplay.update(temp,humidity,pressure); } //other weatherData methods here }
但是我们每次新添加一个显示系统需要修改代码,不能在运行时添加或者删除某个显示系统,采用观察者模式修改如下: public interface Subject{ public void registerObserver(Observer o); public void removeObserver(Observer o); public void notifyObserver(); } public interface Observer{ public void update(float temp,float humidity,float pressure); } public class WeatherData implements Subject { private ArrayList observers; private float temperature; private float humidity; private float pressure; public WeatherData(){ observer = new ArrayList(); } public void registerobserver(Observer o){ observers.add(o); } public void removeObserver(Observer o){ int i = observers.indexOf(o); if(i>=0) observers.remove(o); } public void notifyObservers(){ for(int i=0;i先调用setChanged()方法指明状态已经修改
2>调用notifyObservers()方法:notifyObservers()或者notifyObservers(Object arg)
我们可以在setChanged()方法中加入一些特殊条件的判断
3.observer接收通知
update(Observable o,Object arg)
这里的object对应notifyObservers(Object obj)中的对象,如果调用的notifyObservers()方法,则update中的Object为null
observer可以用传递过来的参数也可以从Observable中通过getter方法得到需要的参数 package pattern; import java.util.Observable; public class WeatherData extends Observable{ private float temperature; private float humidity; private float pressure; public WeatherData(){ } public void measurementsChanged(){ setChanged(); notifyObservers(); } public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure){ this.temperature = temperature; this.humidity = humidity; this.pressure = pressure; measurementsChanged(); } public float getTemperature() { return temperature; } public float getHumidity() { return humidity; } public float getPressure() { return pressure; } }
package pattern; import java.util.Observable; import java.util.Observer; public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer { Observable observable; private float temperature; private float humidity; public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Observable observable) { this.observable = observable; observable.addObserver(this); } public void update(Observable obs, Object arg) { if (obs instanceof WeatherData) { WeatherData weatherData = (WeatherData) obs; this.temperature = weatherData.getTemperature(); this.humidity = weatherData.getHumidity(); display(); } } public void display() { System.out.println("current condition: " + temperature + "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity"); } }