这篇文章里我们看一下javascript 中的如何使用setTimeout(), clearTimeout(), setInterval() 和 clearInterval() 几个与时间设置有关的函数。使用这些函数可以设置定时器和延时任务,并且很方便。
- setTimeout()
windows.setTimeout()函数允许设定一定的延时,来执行所要执行的任务。设置的任务将在函数被调用后的数秒之后被执行。调用方法如下:
setTimeout ( expression, timeout );
expression 是到达延时时间后要执行的javascript 代码
setTimeout 函数将返回数字类型的延时标志,这个返回值会被clearTimeout函数调用
简单的例子:
<input type="button" name="clickMe" value="Click me and wait!"
οnclick="setTimeout('alert(\'Surprise!\')', 5000)"/>
再点击按钮5秒后弹出信息:"Surprise!"
一个较完整的例子:
<script type="text/javascript">
function setToRed ( )
{
document.getElementById("colourButton").style.color = "#FF0000";
setTimeout ( "setToBlack()", 2000 );
}
function setToBlack ( )
{
document.getElementById("colourButton").style.color = "#000000";
}
</script>
<input type="button" name="clickMe" id="colourButton" value="Click me and wait!" οnclick="setToRed()"/>
从上面的例子可以看到,按钮被点击后,按钮文字变成红色持续两秒钟,随后变成黑色字体。
<script type="text/javascript">
var alertTimerId = 0;
function alertTimerClickHandler ( )
{
if ( document.getElementById("alertTimerButton").value == "Click me and wait!" )
{
// Start the timer
document.getElementById("alertTimerButton").value = "Click me to stop the timer!";
alertTimerId = setTimeout ( "showAlert()", 3000 );
}
else
{
document.getElementById("alertTimerButton").value = "Click me and wait!";
clearTimeout ( alertTimerId );
}
}
function showAlert ( )
{
alert ( "Too late! You didn't stop the timer." );
document.getElementById("alertTimerButton").value = "Click me and wait!";
}
</script>
<input type="button" name="clickMe" id="alertTimerButton" value="Click me and wait!" οnclick="alertTimerClickHandler()"/>
- clearTimeout()
有的时候在延时程序完成之前要结束延时任务,会用到clearTimeout,其调用方式为:
clearTimeout ( timeoutId );
timeoutId 是setTimeout函数被调用后返回的延时标志
下面的例子当用户点击按钮3秒钟后,会弹出对话框信息,但是在此期间用户可以再次点击按钮结束延时,阻止窗口的弹出。
<script type="text/javascript">
var alertTimerId = 0;
function alertTimerClickHandler ( )
{
if ( document.getElementById("alertTimerButton").value == "Click me and wait!" )
{
// Start the timer
document.getElementById("alertTimerButton").value = "Click me to stop the timer!";
alertTimerId = setTimeout ( "showAlert()", 3000 );
}
else
{
document.getElementById("alertTimerButton").value = "Click me and wait!";
clearTimeout ( alertTimerId );
}
}
function showAlert ( )
{
alert ( "Too late! You didn't stop the timer." );
document.getElementById("alertTimerButton").value = "Click me and wait!";
}
</script>
<input type="button" name="clickMe" id="alertTimerButton" value="Click me and wait!" οnclick="alertTimerClickHandler()"/>
- setInterval() 函数
和setTimeout()函数相似,setInterval函数的定义方法为setInterval(expression, interval);当使用setTimeout函数做如下操作时,可以考虑用setInterval函数替换
setTimeout ( "doSomething()", 5000 );
function doSomething ( )
{
// (do something here)
setTimeout ( "doSomething()", 5000 );
}
setInterval方法:
setInterval ( "doSomething()", 5000 );
function doSomething ( )
{
// (do something here)
}
当需要提供连续精确的时间或时间间隔时setInterval将是最好的选择
- clearInterval()
和clearTimeout函数一样,通过setInterval返回的ID值,调用clearInterval方法结束一个setInterval,下面是一个可运行的setInterval和clearInterval函数简单实例:
<script type="text/javascript">
var wooYayIntervalId = 0;
function wooYayClickHandler ( )
{
if ( document.getElementById("wooYayButton").value == "Click me!" )
{
// Start the timer
document.getElementById("wooYayButton").value = "Enough already!";
wooYayIntervalId = setInterval ( "wooYay()", 1000 );
}
else
{
document.getElementById("wooYayMessage").innerHTML = "";
document.getElementById("wooYayButton").value = "Click me!";
clearInterval ( wooYayIntervalId );
}
}
function wooYay ( )
{
if ( Math.random ( ) > .5 )
{
document.getElementById("wooYayMessage").innerHTML = "Woo!";
}
else
{
document.getElementById("wooYayMessage").innerHTML = "Yay!";
}
setTimeout ( 'document.getElementById("wooYayMessage").innerHTML = ""', 500 );
}
</script>
<div id="wooYayMessage" style="height: 1.5em; font-size: 2em; color: red;"></div>
<input type="button" name="clickMe" id="wooYayButton" value="Click me!" οnclick="wooYayClickHandler()"/>
引用网址:http://www.elated.com/articles/javascript-timers-with-settimeout-and-setinterval/