http://repo.springsource.org/libs-release-local/
这是Spring所包含的模块,但随着Spring的发展壮大,模块也是越来越多
传统的实例化对象方式是,我需要什么对象,我来new,SpringIoC实例化对象的思想是,你需要什么对象?告诉我,我给你(注入)。
注入的方式有三种:接口注入、方法注入、构造注入
SpringIoC职责:对象的构建与管理、对象间依赖绑定
管理对象间依赖方式:编码、配置文件、注解(元数据)
导入所需要的底层4个核心jar包
spring-beans-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar spring-context-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar spring-core-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar spring-expression-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
还需要日志包
commons.logging-1.1.1.jar log4j-1.2.15.jar
创建两个配置文件
log4j.properties applictionContext.xml
工程目录结构如下
案例1:创建一个实例对象,将该对象交由SpringIoC容器管理,通过SpringIoC容器为其初始化
public class InstanceBean {
public InstanceBean() {
System.out.println("...");
}
public void method() {
System.out.println("InstanceBean--method()");
}
}
在applicationContext.xml中配置InstanceBean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="instanceBean" class="ioc.InstanceBean"></bean> </beans>
该配置文件中的schema可以通过官方文档找到,以Spring3.2.5为例
spring-framework-3.2.5.RELEASE\docs\spring-framework-reference\html\xsd-config.html
该文档中有所有关于Spring配置的xml约束,bean的约束在xsd-config.html的最下方
使用SpringIoC容器初始化InstanceBean
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:ioc/applictionContext.xml");
InstanceBean instance = context.getBean("instanceBean", InstanceBean.class);
instance.getMethod();
我把applicationContext.xml放在了src下的ioc包中,所以路径前加上了“ioc/”,编译后的项目结构为
案例二:SpringIoC容器通过构造实例化对象,案例一中的方式是通过默认构造器实例化InstanceBean,也可以使用有参数的构造器实例化InstanceBean
public class InstanceBean {
private String info;
public InstanceBean() {
System.out.println("..." + this);
}
public InstanceBean(String info) {
this.info = info;
}
}
applicationContext.xml配置,采用index+value方式,index表示构造器中参数位置,value表示参数的值
<!-- 默认构造器 --> <bean id="instaceBean" class="ioc.InstanceBean"> </bean> <!-- 指定构造器 --> <bean id="constructor" class="ioc.InstanceBean"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="springIoC"></constructor-arg> </bean>
案例三:静态工厂初始化
创建一个工厂类,有两个静态方法,一个使用默认构造器,一个使用有参数的构造器
public class StaticFactory {
public static InstanceBean getInstanceBean() {
return new InstanceBean();
}
public static InstanceBean getInstanceBeanPara(String info) {
return new InstanceBean(info);
}
}
对静态工厂进行配置,使用SpringIoC初始化
<!-- 静态工厂 --> <bean id="staticFactory" class="ioc.StaticFactory" factory-method="getInstanceBean"> </bean> <!-- 静态工厂 有参数 --> <bean id="staticFactoryParam" class="ioc.StaticFactory" factory-method="getInstanceBeanPara"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="staticFacotryParam"></constructor-arg> </bean>
测试
@Test
public void testIoCStaticFactory() {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:ioc/applicationContext.xml");
InstanceBean instance = context.getBean("staticFactory",InstanceBean.class);
instance.getMethod();
}
@Test
public void testIoCStaticFactoryParam() {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:ioc/applicationContext.xml");
InstanceBean instance = context.getBean("staticFactoryParam",InstanceBean.class);
System.out.println(instance.getInfo());
}
案例三:实例工厂
创建实例工厂类
public class InstanceFacotry {
public InstanceBean getInstanceBean() {
return new InstanceBean();
}
}
配置时需要先配置实例工厂,然后通过factory-bean引用实例工厂的id,通过factory-method指定调用实例工厂中的哪个方法
<!-- 实例工厂 --> <bean id="instanceFactory" class="ioc.InstanceFacotry"></bean> <bean id="insFactory" factory-bean="instanceFactory" factory-method="getInstanceBean"></bean>
案例四:setter注入
创建一个包含setter()的类
public class InstanceBean {
private String info;
public InstanceBean() {
System.out.println("..." + this);
}
public String getInfo() {
return this.info;
}
public void setInfo(String info) {
this.info = info;
}
}
配置
<!-- setter注入 --> <bean id="instanceBeanSetter" class="ioc.InstanceBean"> <property name="info" value="setInfo()"></property> </bean>
案例五:集合注入
创建一个类,包含常用的集合容器,生成setter(),使用SpringIoC容器注集合容器的内容
public class CollectionBean {
private String[] arr;
private String[][] array;
private List<String> list;
private Set<Integer> set;
private Properties properties;
private Collection<String> collection;
private Map<String, String> map;
}
配置集合注入
<!-- 集合注入 --> <bean id="collectionDI" class="ioc.CollectionBean"> <!-- 一维数组 --> <property name="arr"> <array> <value>arr1</value> <value>arr2</value> </array> </property> <!-- 二维数组 --> <property name="array"> <array> <array> <value>array1</value> </array> <array> <value>array2</value> </array> </array> </property> <!-- List集合 --> <property name="list"> <!-- value-type:可选,相当于泛型 --> <list value-type="java.lang.String" merge="default"> <value>list1</value> <value>list2</value> <value>list3</value> </list> </property> <!-- Set集合 --> <property name="set"> <set value-type="java.lang.Integer"> <value>1</value> <value>2</value> <value>3</value> </set> </property> <!-- Properties --> <property name="properties"> <props> <prop key="1">pop1</prop> <prop key="2">pop2</prop> </props> </property> <!-- Collection --> <property name="collection"> <set value-type="java.lang.String"> <value>collction1</value> <value>collction2</value> <value>collction3</value> </set> </property> <!-- Map集合 --> <property name="map"> <map key-type="java.lang.String" value-type="java.lang.String"> <!-- 复杂配置 --> <entry> <key> <value>key1</value> </key> <value>value1</value> </entry> <!-- 简化配置 --> <entry key="key2" value="value2"></entry> </map> </property> </bean>
案例六:depends-on配置,在依赖情况下,depends-on配置的bean要先与当前bean初始化,晚于当前bean销毁
创建Resources、Dependency两个类,Dependency依赖Resources
public class Resources {
public Resources() {
super();
System.out.println("Resources Constructor() ");
}
public void init(){
System.out.println("Resources init()");
}
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("Resources destroy()");
}
}
public class Dependency {
Resources resources;
public Dependency() {
super();
System.out.println("Dependency Constructor() ");
}
public void init() {
System.out.println("Dependency init()");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("Dependency destroy()");
}
public Resources getResources() {
return resources;
}
public void setResources(Resources resources) {
this.resources = resources;
}
}
配置
<bean id="resources" class="ioc.Resources" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy"></bean> <bean id="dependency" class="ioc.Dependency" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy" depends-on="resources"> <property name="resources" ref="resources"></property> </bean>
测试时使用ClassPathXmlApplicationContext获得IoC容器,因为只有容器个关闭才能看到调用destroy()
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Dependency dependency = context.getBean("dependency",Dependency.class);
context.close();
/**output:
Resources Constructor()
Resources init()
Dependency Constructor()
Dependency init()
Dependency destroy()
Resources destroy()
*/
案例七:单例bean
方式一:单例bean构造私有化
public class Singletion {
private Singletion() {
}
public static class SingletionHandler {
public static final Singletion INSTANCE = new Singletion();
}
public static Singletion getInstance() {
return SingletionHandler.INSTANCE;
}
}
方式二:将单例的bean通过唯一键注册到注册表,然后通过键值来获取,通过实现SingletonBeanRegistry接口来实现,不考虑多线程问题,Spring采用这种方式实现singleton
public class SingleonBeanRegister implements SingletonBeanRegistry {
private final Map<String, Object> BEANS = new HashMap<String, Object>();
public void registerSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) {
if (BEANS.containsKey(beanName)) {
throw new RuntimeException("[" + beanName + "] already exist");
}
BEANS.put(beanName, singletonObject);
}
public Object getSingleton(String beanName) {
return BEANS.get(beanName);
}
public boolean containsSingleton(String beanName) {
return BEANS.containsKey(beanName);
}
public String[] getSingletonNames() {
return BEANS.keySet().toArray(new String[0]);
}
public int getSingletonCount() {
return BEANS.size();
}
}
Spring配置方式,通过SpringIoC容器获得单例bean
定义bean
public class ScopeBean {}
配置,不配置scope时默认就是singleton
<bean id="singleton" class="bean.ScopeBean" scope="singleton"></bean>
测试
ScopeBean singleton1 = context.getBean("singleton",ScopeBean.class);
ScopeBean singleton2 = context.getBean("singleton",ScopeBean.class);
ScopeBean singleton3 = context.getBean("singleton",ScopeBean.class);
System.out.println(singleton1);
System.out.println(singleton2);
System.out.println(singleton3);
/**
bean.ScopeBean@30db7df3
bean.ScopeBean@30db7df3
bean.ScopeBean@30db7df3
*/
案例八:prototype bean
模拟Spring实现,定义个bean
public class BeanDefinition {
// 单例
public static final int SCOPE_SINGLETON = 0;
// 原型
public static final int SCOPE_PROTOTYPE = 1;
// 唯一标识
private String id;
// class全限定名
private String clazz;
// 作用域
private int scope = SCOPE_SINGLETON;
}
这侧表类
public class BeanDifinitionRegister {
private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> DEFINITIONS = new HashMap<String, BeanDefinition>();
public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition bd) {
if (DEFINITIONS.containsKey(bd.getId())) {
throw new RuntimeException("[" + beanName + "] already exist");
}
DEFINITIONS.put(bd.getId(), bd);
}
public BeanDefinition getBeanDefinition(String beanName) {
return DEFINITIONS.get(beanName);
}
public boolean containsBeanDefinition(String beanName) {
return DEFINITIONS.containsKey(beanName);
}
}
定义工厂类用于获取bean实例
public class DefaultBeanFactory {
// Bean定义注册表
private BeanDifinitionRegister DEFINITIONS = new BeanDifinitionRegister();
// 单例注册表
private final SingletonBeanRegistry SINGLETONS = new SingletonBeanRegister();
public Object getBean(String beanName) {
// 1.验证Bean定义是否存在
if (!DEFINITIONS.containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
throw new RuntimeException("[" + beanName + "] already exist");
}
// 2.获取Bean定义
BeanDefinition bd = DEFINITIONS.getBeanDefinition(beanName);
// 3.是否该Bean定义是单例作用域
if (bd.getScope() == BeanDefinition.SCOPE_SINGLETON) {
// 3.1 如果单例注册表包含Bean,则直接返回该Bean
if (SINGLETONS.containsSingleton(beanName)) {
return SINGLETONS.getSingleton(beanName);
}
// 3.2单例注册表不包含该Bean, 则创建并注册到单例注册表,从而缓存
SINGLETONS.registerSingleton(beanName, createBean(bd));
return SINGLETONS.getSingleton(beanName);
}
// 4.如果是原型Bean定义,则直接返回根据Bean定义创建的新Bean,每次都是新的,无缓存
if (bd.getScope() == BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE) {
return createBean(bd);
}
// 5.其他情况错误的Bean定义
throw new RuntimeException("错误的Bean定义");
}
public void registerBeanDefinition(BeanDefinition bd) {
DEFINITIONS.registerBeanDefinition(bd.getId(), bd);
}
private Object createBean(BeanDefinition bd) {
// 根据Bean定义创建Bean
try {
Class clazz = Class.forName(bd.getClazz());
// 通过反射使用无参数构造器创建Bean
return clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("没有找到Bean[" + bd.getId() + "]类");
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("创建Bean[" + bd.getId() + "]失败");
}
}
}
测试
public class PrototypeTest {
DefaultBeanFactory factory = null;
@Before
public void initContext() {
factory = new DefaultBeanFactory();
}
@Test
public void testPrototype() {
BeanDefinition bd = new BeanDefinition();
bd.setId("bean");
bd.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE);
bd.setClazz(BeanDefinition.class.getName());
factory.registerBeanDefinition(bd);
System.out.println(factory.getBean("bean"));
System.out.println(factory.getBean("bean"));
System.out.println(factory.getBean("bean"));
System.out.println(factory.getBean("bean"));
}
}
Spring配置prototype
<bean id="singleton" class="bean.ScopeBean" scope="prototype"></bean>
Spring中的bean的作用于出路Singleton和Prototype外还有三个与web有关的作用于分别为request(一起请求,比如一次表单提交)、session、global session,也可以通过实现Scope接口自己实现作用域范围
构造器注入:1、构造器参数索引 2、构造器参数类型 3、构造器参数类型
构造器注入通过<constructor-arg>标签配置,案例1、2、3使用第一种方式
SpringIoC容器依赖有两层含义:Bean初始化依赖于容器、容器注入Bean的依赖资源
二、DI
当一个对象的创建依赖于另外一个对象时,依赖就发生了,Spring的依赖是方法级的与对象中的属性无关
class A {
void setName(String name){
// 就可以说 A 对象 依赖 String 类型参数
}
void setB(B b){
// 就可以说 A 对象 依赖 B 类型参数
}
}
实例bean,可以没有info属性,但必须有setXxxx()
public class InstanceBean {
private String info;
public InstanceBean() {
System.out.println("...");
}
public void method() {
System.out.println("InstanceBean--method()");
}
public String getInfo() {
return this.info;
}
public void setInfo(String info) {
this.info = info;
}
}
配置
<bean id="instance" class="demo01.InstanceBean"> <property name="info" value="注入"></property> </bean>
通过DI的方式为InstanceBean注入String类型对象
@Test
public void demo2(){
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
InstanceBean bean = (InstanceBean) applicationContext.getBean("instance");
System.out.println(bean.getInfo());
}
这种对象间的依赖关系,通过Spring的使用配置文件的方式注入到InstanceBean中
三、Spring配置文件读取
一般有两个位置:
1、src根目录
2、WEB-INF下
最好命名为applicationContext.xml
读取方式
加载classpath:
ew ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
加载磁盘路径:
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("WebContent/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml");
四、Spring实例化Bean的三种方式
1、使用构造器
实例化对象必须提供默认构造方法,配置如下
<bean id="instance" class="demo01.InstanceBean"></bean>
实例化
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
InstanceBean bean = applicationContext.getBean("instance",InstanceBean.class);
2、静态工厂方法
工厂类
public class BeanFactory {
public static InstanceBean getInstanceBean() {
return new InstanceBean();
}
}
配置
<bean id="instance1" class="demo01.BeanFactory" factory-method="getInstanceBean"> <property name="info" value="静态工厂注入"></property> </bean>
实例化
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
InstanceBean bean = applicationContext.getBean("instance1",InstanceBean.class);
3、实力工厂
工厂
public class BeanFactory {
public InstanceBean getInstanceBeen() {
return new InstanceBean();
}
}
配置
<bean id="beanFactory" class="demo01.BeanFactory"></bean> <bean id="instance2" factory-bean="beanFactory" factory-method="getInstanceBeen"> <property name="info" value="实例工厂注入"></property> </bean>
实例化
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
InstanceBean bean = applicationContext.getBean("instance2",InstanceBean.class);
System.out.println(bean.getInfo());
五、Spring中Bean的作用域
Spring加载配置文件时,会默认为文件中所配置的所有bean实例化,实例化后,默认bean的实例为单利模式
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
InstanceBean bean1 = applicationContext.getBean("instance",InstanceBean.class);
InstanceBean bean2 = applicationContext.getBean("instance",InstanceBean.class);
System.out.println(bean1);
System.out.println(bean2);
还有其他几种类型