Searchable之五（使用Search Widget）

九、使用Search Widget
<wbr style="line-height:25px"><div style="line-height:25px"> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> <span style="line-height:23px; font-size:13px; color:rgb(0,51,102)">在</span><span style="line-height:25px; font-size:13px; color:rgb(0,51,102)">Android 3.0 或更高版本中，可以使用</span><span style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#003366; line-height:23px; font-size:13px"></span><code style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,51,102)"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/SearchView.html" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:25px; text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:23px">SearchView</span></a></code><span style="color:#003366; line-height:23px; font-size:13px">widget.如果你开发的程序是基于Anroid3.0且计划使用search widget, 那么我们建议把search widget 作为一个an</span><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html#ActionView" style="color:rgb(0,51,102); line-height:23px; text-decoration:none; font-size:13px">action view in the Action Bar</a><span style="color:#003366; line-height:23px; font-size:13px">来使用, 而不是使用search dialog (也不要把search widget 放在你的activity layout中). 比如,</span><span style="line-height:23px; font-size:13px">图二</span><span style="color:#003366; line-height:23px; font-size:13px">就是把search widget 当做Action Bar来使用的一个界面.</span></span></p> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> <span style="font-size:13px; color:#003366; line-height:23px">search widget提供了和search dialog一样的功能. 当用户执行搜索的时候，它会启动合适的activity来进行处理，它也提供搜索关键词建议和语言搜索.</span></p> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> <span style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px">注意</span></span><span style="color:#003366; line-height:28px; font-size:16px">:</span><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px"><span style="color:#003366; line-height:23px">当你把search widget作为action view来使用时, 你可能有时仍然需要使用search dialog, 比如有时</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,51,102)">search widg</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,51,102)">在</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,51,102)">Action Bar中也不太合适. 具体的请参照下面的”</span></span><span style="line-height:25px; font-family:monospace; white-space:pre"><span style="line-height:22px"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:10px; line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:18px">同时使用</span></span><span style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:10px; line-height:18px"><span style="line-height:18px">search widget和search dialog</span></span><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px">“</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> <span style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px">图二</span><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:28px">：</span></span></span></p> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> <span style="line-height:25px; font-size:16px"><span style="line-height:28px"></span></span></p> <div style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px"><img alt="Searchable之五（使用Search Widget） - hubingforever - 民主与科学" src="http://developer.android.com/images/ui/actionbar-actionview.png" style="line-height:25px; border-top-width:0px; border-right-width:0px; border-bottom-width:0px; border-left-width:0px; border-style:initial; border-color:initial; max-width:100%; margin-top:0px; margin-right:10px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px"></span></div> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> <span style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px; font-size:16px"><span style="line-height:28px"><br style="line-height:28px"></span></span></span></p> <span style="line-height:25px">十、配置</span><strong>search widget</strong> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> </p> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> <span style="color:#003366; line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px">首先你应该向前面讲的</span></span><span style="line-height:25px; font-size:13px">search dialog</span><span style="line-height:25px; font-size:13px">一样，先创建好searchable配置和searchable activity，然后为每个SearchView设置好搜索助手。你可以通过setSearchableInfo()来设置你的</span><code style="line-height:25px"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchableInfo.html" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:25px; text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:23px">SearchableInfo</span></a></code><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px">对象，SearchableInfo它代表的是你的searchable配置。</span></span></p> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> <span style="color:#003366; line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px">你可以同过</span><code style="line-height:22px"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:22px; text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:23px">SearchManage</span><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:21px">r</span></a></code><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px">的</span><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:28px"><code style="line-height:22px"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/SearchManager.html#getSearchableInfo%28android.content.ComponentName%29" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:22px; text-decoration:none">getSearchableInfo()</a></code></span><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px">来得到一个SearchableInfo的引用。</span></span></p> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> </p> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> <span style="color:#003366; line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px">比如, 如果你想在</span><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:22px; text-decoration:none; font-size:13px">Action Bar</a><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:23px">中把</span><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:28px"><code style="line-height:23px"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/SearchView.html" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:23px; text-decoration:none">SearchView</a></code></span></span><span style="font-size:13px; color:#003366; line-height:23px">作为一个action view来使用,那么在 回调数<code style="line-height:21px"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity.html#onCreateOptionsMenu%28android.view.Menu%29" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:21px; text-decoration:none">onCreateOptionsMenu()</a></code>中就应该enable the widget</span><span style="line-height:25px">实例10：</span></p> <p style="line-height:25px; margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:10px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px"> </p> <pre style="line-height:25px; font-weight:bold"><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">@Override</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"><br style="line-height:25px"></span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">public</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"> </span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">boolean</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"> onCreateOptionsMenu</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">(</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">Menu</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"> menu</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">)</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"> </span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">{</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"><br style="line-height:25px"></span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">// Inflate the options menu from XML</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"><br style="line-height:25px"></span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">MenuInflater</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"> inflater </span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">=</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"> getMenuInflater</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">();</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"><br style="line-height:25px"> inflater</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">.</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">inflate</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">(</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">R</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">.</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">menu</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">.</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">options_menu</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">,</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"> menu</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">);</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"><br style="line-height:25px"><br style="line-height:25px"></span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">// Get the SearchView and set the searchable configuration</span><span style="line-height:25px"><span style="color:#0000ff; line-height:25px"><br style="line-height:25px"></span><span style="color:#ff9900; line-height:25px"> </span></span><span style="color:#ff9900; line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px">SearchManager</span><span style="line-height:25px"> searchManager </span><span style="line-height:25px">=</span><span style="line-height:25px"> </span><span style="line-height:25px">(</span><span style="line-height:25px">SearchManager</span><span style="line-height:25px">)</span><span style="line-height:25px"> </span><code style="line-height:25px"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity.html#getSystemService%28java.lang.String%29" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:25px; text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:25px">getSystemService</span></a></code><span style="line-height:25px">(</span><span style="line-height:25px">Context</span><span style="line-height:25px">.</span><span style="line-height:25px">SEARCH_SERVICE</span><span style="line-height:25px">);</span><span style="line-height:25px"><br style="line-height:25px"></span><span style="line-height:25px">SearchView</span><span style="line-height:25px"> searchView </span><span style="line-height:25px">=</span><span style="line-height:25px"> </span><span style="line-height:25px">(</span><span style="line-height:25px">SearchView</span><span style="line-height:25px">)</span><span style="line-height:25px"> menu</span><span style="line-height:25px">.</span><span style="line-height:25px">findItem</span><span style="line-height:25px">(</span><span style="line-height:25px">R</span><span style="line-height:25px">.</span><span style="line-height:25px">id</span><span style="line-height:25px">.</span><span style="line-height:25px">menu_search</span><span style="line-height:25px">).</span><span style="line-height:25px">getActionView</span><span style="line-height:25px">();</span><span style="line-height:25px"><br style="line-height:25px"> searchView</span><span style="line-height:25px">.</span><span style="line-height:25px">setSearchableInfo</span><span style="line-height:25px">(</span><span style="line-height:25px">searchManager</span><span style="line-height:25px">.</span><span style="line-height:25px">getSearchableInfo</span><span style="line-height:25px">(</span><code style="line-height:25px"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Activity.html#getComponentName%28%29" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:25px; text-decoration:none"><span style="line-height:25px">getComponentName</span><span style="line-height:25px">()</span></a></code><span style="line-height:25px">));</span><span style="line-height:25px"><br style="line-height:25px"> searchView</span><span style="line-height:25px">.</span><span style="line-height:25px">setIconifiedByDefault</span><span style="line-height:25px">(</span><span style="line-height:25px">false</span><span style="line-height:25px">);</span></span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"> </span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">// Do not iconify the widget; expand it by default、</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"><br style="line-height:25px"></span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">return</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"> </span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">true</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">;</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)"><br style="line-height:25px"></span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,0,255)">}</span></pre> <pre style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:16px; color:#000080; line-height:23px">这样就完了，search widget现在已经被配置好了，系统也能够把搜索命令发送到你的searchable activity. 你也可以在search widge<span style="line-height:22px">t</span><span style="line-height:22px">中使用</span><span style="line-height:22px">search suggestions。</span></span></pre> <pre style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:23px"><span style="line-height:23px">注意:</span><span style="color:#000080; line-height:23px"><span style="line-height:23px"> </span>如果你想自己处理所有用户的输入，请在它的回调函数和事件监听接口方法中处理。关于SearchView 和其监听接口，更多的内容可以参照<span style="line-height:23px; white-space:normal"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/SearchView.html" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:23px; text-decoration:none">SearchView</a>的文档。</span></span></span></pre> <pre style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:16px; line-height:23px"><span style="color:#000080; line-height:23px"><span style="line-height:23px; white-space:normal">关于</span></span><span style="line-height:23px; color:rgb(0,0,128); white-space:normal">Action Bar中</span><span style="line-height:23px; color:rgb(0,0,128); white-space:normal">action views的更多内容，请参照</span><span style="line-height:23px; color:rgb(0,0,128); white-space:normal"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html#ActionView" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:23px; text-decoration:none">Using the Action Bar</a>(里面有把search widget作为action view来进行添加的实例代码）</span></span></pre> <pre style="line-height:25px"><pre style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px; white-space:normal"><span style="line-height:25px">十一、search widget的其他特性</span></span></pre><pre style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:16px; color:#000080; line-height:23px"><span style="line-height:23px; white-space:normal">可以向SearchView 添加一些其他的特性</span></span></pre></pre> <pre style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px; white-space:normal"><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:21px"></span></span></pre> <dl style="line-height:25px"> <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px; line-height:23px"><span style="line-height:20px; white-space:normal"><span style="line-height:23px"></span></span></span><dt style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px; line-height:23px"><span style="line-height:20px; white-space:normal"></span></span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px; font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px; line-height:23px">A、提交按钮（A submit button）</span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:13px; color:#000080; line-height:23px">默认情况下是没提交搜索的按钮，所以用户必须在键盘上按下"Return"键来提交搜索.你可以同过setSubmitButtonEnabled(true)来添加一个提交按钮（"submit" button)</span></span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"> <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:13px; color:#000080; line-height:23px">注：这里 的</span></span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,0,128); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">"Return"键应该就是”Enter“</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,0,128); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">键</span> </dt> <dt style="line-height:25px; font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px; line-height:23px">B、自定义search suggestions</span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:13px; color:#000080; line-height:23px">当你使用search suggestions的时候, 你经常希望用户仅仅是简单选择suggestion, 但是他们也可能想自定义suggested search query. 你可以通过调用setQueryRefinementEnabled(true)，来为每个suggestion添加一个按钮，让用户在search box中输入用户自定义的suggestion</span></span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px; font-weight:bold"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px; line-height:23px">C、让 search box 可以见</span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:13px; color:#000080; line-height:23px">默认情况下, search widget是"iconified“的，只是用一个图标 来表示它(一个放大镜), 当用户按下它的时候才显示search box . 你可以调用setIconifiedByDefault(false)让search box默认都被显示。 你也可以调用setIconified()让它以iconified“的形式显示。</span></span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height:25px"><span style="font-size:13px; color:#000080; line-height:23px"><br style="line-height:23px"></span></span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px; line-height:23px"><span style="color:#003366; line-height:23px">在<code style="line-height:21px"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/SearchView.html" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:21px; text-decoration:none">SearchView</a></code> 中还有其他的一些API允许你个性化search widget的显示.然而他们大多数是在你自己处理用户输入而不</span><span style="line-height:23px; color:rgb(0,51,102)">Android system处理输入和显示search suggestions时使用</span></span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px; line-height:23px"><span style="line-height:23px; color:rgb(0,51,102)"><br style="line-height:23px"></span></span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:25px"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:16px; line-height:28px">十二、同时使用</span><span style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:16px">search widget和search dialog</span></span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"> <span style="line-height:25px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:13px; color:#003366; line-height:23px">如果你把</span></span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">search widget作为</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html#ActionView" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:20px; text-decoration:none">action view</a>而插入到</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">Action Bar中, 那么你可以让它只在有足够空间时才以</span><span style="line-height:25px; color:rgb(0,51,102)"><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:21px"><span style="line-height:20px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Action Bar的形式出现(通过设置android:showAsAction="ifRoom"</span></span><span style="font-size:13px; line-height:20px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">), 这时search widget就可能不以</span></span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">action view的形式出现, 而是是以菜单的形式出现在overflow menu里. 比如你的程序运行在一个小屏幕的手机上，在</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px"> Action Bar中</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">就没有足够的空间把</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">search widget和其他的</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">action items or navigation elements显示下。这时它们将以菜单项的形式出现在</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">overflow menu中. 当在overflow menu中显示的时候,该项像普通的菜单项一样</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px"> and 它不再显示 action view (the search widget).</span> </dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"> <span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px; color:#003366; line-height:23px"><span style="line-height:20px">为了处理该情况,当用户选择了和</span></span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">search widget关联的</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">menu item时，你必须激活search dialog。为了处理此事情, 你必须在onOptionsItemSelected() h处理该"Search" menu item并通过调用</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">onSearchRequested()来开启</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">search dialog。</span> </dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px"><br style="line-height:23px"></span></dt> <dt style="line-height:25px"> <span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">关于</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">Action Bar如何工作和处理此中情况的更多信息请参照文档</span><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:25px; text-decoration:none">Using the Action</a><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:25px; text-decoration:none">Bar</a>。<span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">也可以参照</span><span style="line-height:20px; color:rgb(0,51,102); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">search dialog 和search widget的实例</span><a rel="nofollow" href="http://developer.android.com/resources/samples/SearchableDictionary/src/com/example/android/searchabledict/SearchableDictionary.html" style="color:rgb(207,121,28); line-height:25px; text-decoration:none">Searchable Dictionary</a> </dt> </dl> </div> </wbr>