iPhone网络开发 小结

一、确认网络环境3G/WIFI

　　1. 添加源文件和framework

开发Web等网络应用程序的时候，需要确认网络环境，连接情况等信息。如果没有处理它们，是不会通过Apple的审查的。Apple 的 例程 Reachability 中介绍了取得检测网络状态的方法。要在应用程序程序中使用Reachability，首先要完成如下两部：

1.1. 添加源文件：

　　在你的程序中使用 Reachability 只须将该例程中的 Reachability.h 和 Reachability.m 拷贝到你的工程中。如下图：

1.2.添加framework：

将SystemConfiguration.framework 添加进工程。如下图：

2、网络状态

Reachability.h中定义了三种网络状态：

1. typedefenum{
2. NotReachable=0,//无连接
3. ReachableViaWiFi,//使用3G/GPRS网络
4. ReachableViaWWAN//使用WiFi网络
5. }NetworkStatus;
7. 这样检查网络状态：
9. Reachability*r=[ReachabilityreachabilityWithHostName:@“www.apple.com”];
10. switch([rcurrentReachabilityStatus]){
11. caseNotReachable:
12. //没有网络连接
13. break;
14. caseReachableViaWWAN:
15. //使用3G网络
16. break;
17. caseReachableViaWiFi:
18. //使用WiFi网络
19. break;
20. }

　　3.检查当前网络环境

　　程序启动时，如果想检测可用的网络环境，可以像这样

1. //是否wifi
2. +(BOOL)IsEnableWIFI{
3. return([[ReachabilityreachabilityForLocalWiFi]currentReachabilityStatus]!=NotReachable);
4. }
6. //是否3G
7. +(BOOL)IsEnable3G{
8. return([[ReachabilityreachabilityForInternetConnection]currentReachabilityStatus]!=NotReachable);
9. }
10. 例子：
11. -(void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated{
12. if(([ReachabilityreachabilityForInternetConnection].currentReachabilityStatus==NotReachable)&&
13. ([ReachabilityreachabilityForLocalWiFi].currentReachabilityStatus==NotReachable)){
14. self.navigationItem.hidesBackButton=YES;
15. [self.navigationItemsetLeftBarButtonItem:nilanimated:NO];
16. }
17. }

　　4、链接状态的实时通知

　　网络连接状态的实时检查，通知在网络应用中也是十分必要的。接续状态发生变化时，需要及时地通知用户：

Reachability 1.5版本

1. //My.AppDelegate.h
2. #import"Reachability.h"
3. @interfaceMyAppDelegate:NSObject<UIApplicationDelegate>{
4. NetworkStatusremoteHostStatus;
5. }
6. @propertyNetworkStatusremoteHostStatus;
7. @end
8. //My.AppDelegate.m
9. #import"MyAppDelegate.h"
10. @implementationMyAppDelegate
11. @synthesizeremoteHostStatus;
13. //更新网络状态
14. -(void)updateStatus{
15. self.remoteHostStatus=[[ReachabilitysharedReachability]remoteHostStatus];
16. }
17. //通知网络状态
18. -(void)reachabilityChanged:(NSNotification*)note{
19. [selfupdateStatus];
20. if(self.remoteHostStatus==NotReachable){
21. UIAlertView*alert=[[UIAlertViewalloc]initWithTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"AppName",nil)
22. message:NSLocalizedString(@"NotReachable",nil)
23. delegate:nilcancelButtonTitle:@"OK"otherButtonTitles:nil];
24. [alertshow];
25. [alertrelease];
26. }
27. }
28. //程序启动器，启动网络监视
29. -(void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication*)application{
30. //设置网络检测的站点
31. [[ReachabilitysharedReachability]setHostName:@"www.apple.com"];
32. [[ReachabilitysharedReachability]setNetworkStatusNotificationsEnabled:YES];
33. //设置网络状态变化时的通知函数
34. [[NSNotificationCenterdefaultCenter]addObserver:selfselector:@selector(reachabilityChanged:)
35. name:@"kNetworkReachabilityChangedNotification"object:nil];
36. [selfupdateStatus];
37. }
38. -(void)dealloc{
39. //删除通知对象
40. [[NSNotificationCenterdefaultCenter]removeObserver:self];
41. [windowrelease];
42. [superdealloc];
43. }
44. Reachability2.0版本
45. //MyAppDelegate.h
46. @classReachability;
47. @interfaceMyAppDelegate:NSObject<UIApplicationDelegate>{
48. Reachability*hostReach;
49. }
50. @end
51. //MyAppDelegate.m
52. -(void)reachabilityChanged:(NSNotification*)note{
53. Reachability*curReach=[noteobject];
54. NSParameterAssert([curReachisKindOfClass:[Reachabilityclass]]);
55. NetworkStatusstatus=[curReachcurrentReachabilityStatus];
56. if(status==NotReachable){
57. UIAlertView*alert=[[UIAlertViewalloc]initWithTitle:@"AppName""
58. message:@"NotReachable"
59. delegate:nil
60. cancelButtonTitle:@"YES"otherButtonTitles:nil];
61. [alertshow];
62. [alertrelease];
63. }
64. }
65. -(void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication*)application{
66. //...
67. //监测网络情况
68. [[NSNotificationCenterdefaultCenter]addObserver:self
69. selector:@selector(reachabilityChanged:)
70. name:kReachabilityChangedNotification
71. object:nil];
72. hostReach=[[ReachabilityreachabilityWithHostName:@"www.google.com"]retain];
73. hostReachstartNotifer];
74. //...
75. }

　　二、使用NSConnection下载数据

　　1、创建NSConnection对象，设置委托对象

2. NSMutableURLRequest*request=[NSMutableURLRequestrequestWithURL:[NSURLURLWithString:[selfurlString]]];
3. [NSURLConnectionconnectionWithRequest:requestdelegate:self];

　　2、NSURLConnection delegate委托方法

1. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection*)connectiondidReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse*)response;
2. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection*)connectiondidFailWithError:(NSError*)error;
3. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection*)connectiondidReceiveData:(NSData*)data;
4. -(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection*)connection;

　　3. 实现委托方法

1. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection*)connectiondidReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse*)response{
2. //storedata
3. [self.receivedDatasetLength:0];//通常在这里先清空接受数据的缓存
4. }
6. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection*)connectiondidReceiveData:(NSData*)data{
8. [self.receivedDataappendData:data];//可能多次收到数据，把新的数据添加在现有数据最后
9. }
11. -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection*)connectiondidFailWithError:(NSError*)error{
12. //错误处理
13. }
15. -(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection*)connection{
16. //disconnect
17. [UIApplicationsharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible=NO;
18. NSString*returnString=[[NSStringalloc]initWithData:self.receivedDataencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
19. NSLog(returnString);
20. [selfurlLoaded:[selfurlString]data:self.receivedData];
21. firstTimeDownloaded=YES;
22. }

　　三、使用NSXMLParser解析xml文件

　　1. 设置委托对象，开始解析

1. NSXMLParser*parser=[[NSXMLParseralloc]initWithData:data];//或者也可以使用initWithContentsOfURL直接下载文件，但是有一个原因不这么做：
2. //ItsalsopossibletohaveNSXMLParserdownloadthedata,bypassingitaURL,butthisisnotdesirable
3. //becauseitgiveslesscontroloverthenetwork,particularlyinrespondingtoconnectionerrors.
4. [parsersetDelegate:self];
5. [parserparse];

　　2. 常用的委托方法

1. -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser*)parserdidStartElement:(NSString*)elementName
2. namespaceURI:(NSString*)namespaceURI
3. qualifiedName:(NSString*)qName
4. attributes:(NSDictionary*)attributeDict;
5. -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser*)parserdidEndElement:(NSString*)elementName
6. namespaceURI:(NSString*)namespaceURI
7. qualifiedName:(NSString*)qName;
8. -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser*)parserfoundCharacters:(NSString*)string;
9. -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser*)parserparseErrorOccurred:(NSError*)parseError;
10. staticNSString*feedURLString=@"http://www.yifeiyang.net/test/test.xml";

　　3. 应用举例

1. -(void)parseXMLFileAtURL:(NSURL*)URLparseError:(NSError**)error
2. {
3. NSXMLParser*parser=[[NSXMLParseralloc]initWithContentsOfURL:URL];
4. [parsersetDelegate:self];
5. [parsersetShouldProcessNamespaces:NO];
6. [parsersetShouldReportNamespacePrefixes:NO];
7. [parsersetShouldResolveExternalEntities:NO];
8. [parserparse];
9. NSError*parseError=[parserparserError];
10. if(parseError&&error){
11. *error=parseError;
12. }
13. [parserrelease];
14. }
16. -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser*)parserdidStartElement:(NSString*)elementNamenamespaceURI:(NSString*)namespaceURI
17. qualifiedName:(NSString*)qNameattributes:(NSDictionary*)attributeDict{
18. //元素开始句柄
19. if(qName){
20. elementName=qName;
21. }
22. if([elementNameisEqualToString:@"user"]){
23. //输出属性值
24. NSLog(@"Nameis%@,Ageis%@",[attributeDictobjectForKey:@"name"],[attributeDictobjectForKey:@"age"]);
25. }
26. }
28. -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser*)parserdidEndElement:(NSString*)elementNamenamespaceURI:(NSString*)namespaceURI
29. qualifiedName:(NSString*)qName
30. {
31. //元素终了句柄
32. if(qName){
33. elementName=qName;
34. }
35. }
36. -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser*)parserfoundCharacters:(NSString*)string
37. {
38. //取得元素的text
39. }
40. NSError*parseError=nil;
41. [selfparseXMLFileAtURL:[NSURLURLWithString:feedURLString]parseError:&parseError];