子类为何不能捕获基类的异常？

通常创建子类对象的时候，先会自动创建基类对象。

而如果显式调用基类构造函数时，必须放在构造函数里的第一行。所以，就没有办法捕获到基类构造函数的异常了。以下为示例代码：

 

class BaseException extends Exception {}


class Base {
    Base() throws BaseException {
        throw new BaseException();
    }
}



class Derived extends Base {
    // BaseException must be caught (no way) or
    // declared to be thrown:
    Derived() throws BaseException {
        super();

        // not this way, 'catch' without 'try' not allowed:
        // catch(BaseException e) {}
        // not this way either, because call to super
        // must be first statement in constructor:        
        // try {
        //    super();
        // } catch(BaseException e) {}
    }
}



public class Ex21 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Derived d = new Derived();
        } catch(BaseException e) {
            System.out.println("BaseException caught in main()");
        }
    }
}