Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree -- LeetCode

原题链接: http://oj.leetcode.com/problems/convert-sorted-list-to-binary-search-tree/
这个题是二分查找树的题目,要把一个有序链表转换成一棵二分查找树。其实原理还是跟 Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree 这道题相似,我们需要取中点作为当前函数的根。这里的问题是对于一个链表我们是不能常量时间访问它的中间元素的。这时候就要利用到树的中序遍历了,按照递归中序遍历的顺序对链表结点一个个进行访问,而我们要构造的二分查找树正是按照链表的顺序来的。思路就是先对左子树进行递归,然后将当前结点作为根,迭代到下一个链表结点,最后在递归求出右子树即可。整体过程就是一次中序遍历,时间复杂度是O(n),空间复杂度是栈空间O(logn)加上结果的空间O(n),额外空间是O(logn),总体是O(n)。代码如下:
public TreeNode sortedListToBST(ListNode head) {
    if(head == null)
        return null;
    ListNode cur = head;
    int count = 0;
    while(cur!=null)
    {
        cur = cur.next;
        count++;
    }
    ArrayList<ListNode> list = new ArrayList<ListNode>();
    list.add(head);
    return helper(list,0,count-1);
}
private TreeNode helper(ArrayList<ListNode> list, int l, int r)
{
    if(l>r)
        return null;
    int m = (l+r)/2;
    TreeNode left = helper(list,l,m-1);
    TreeNode root = new TreeNode(list.get(0).val);
    root.left = left;
    list.set(0,list.get(0).next);
    root.right = helper(list,m+1,r);
    return root;
}
这道题是不错的题目,不过这种构造的方式比较绕,因为一般来说我们都是对于存在的树进行遍历,这里是模拟一个中序遍历的过程把树从无到有地构造出来。过程比较不常规,不过多想想就明白了哈。
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【Solution】 To convert a binary search tree into a sorted circular doubly linked list, we can use the following steps: 1. Inorder traversal of the binary search tree to get the elements in sorted order. 2. Create a doubly linked list and add the elements from the inorder traversal to it. 3. Make the list circular by connecting the head and tail nodes. 4. Return the head node of the circular doubly linked list. Here's the Python code for the solution: ``` class Node: def __init__(self, val): self.val = val self.prev = None self.next = None def tree_to_doubly_list(root): if not root: return None stack = [] cur = root head = None prev = None while cur or stack: while cur: stack.append(cur) cur = cur.left cur = stack.pop() if not head: head = cur if prev: prev.right = cur cur.left = prev prev = cur cur = cur.right head.left = prev prev.right = head return head ``` To verify the accuracy of the code, we can use the following test cases: ``` # Test case 1 # Input: [4,2,5,1,3] # Output: # Binary search tree: # 4 # / \ # 2 5 # / \ # 1 3 # Doubly linked list: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3 <-> 4 <-> 5 # Doubly linked list in reverse order: 5 <-> 4 <-> 3 <-> 2 <-> 1 root = Node(4) root.left = Node(2) root.right = Node(5) root.left.left = Node(1) root.left.right = Node(3) head = tree_to_doubly_list(root) print("Binary search tree:") print_tree(root) print("Doubly linked list:") print_list(head) print("Doubly linked list in reverse order:") print_list_reverse(head) # Test case 2 # Input: [2,1,3] # Output: # Binary search tree: # 2 # / \ # 1 3 # Doubly linked list: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3 # Doubly linked list in reverse order: 3 <-> 2 <-> 1 root = Node(2) root.left = Node(1) root.right = Node(3) head = tree_to_doubly_list(root) print("Binary search tree:") print_tree(root) print("Doubly linked list:") print_list(head) print("Doubly linked list in reverse order:") print_list_reverse(head) ``` The output of the test cases should match the expected output as commented in the code.
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