Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree -- LeetCode

原题链接:  http://oj.leetcode.com/problems/convert-sorted-array-to-binary-search-tree/  
这道题是二分查找树的题目,要把一个有序数组转换成一颗二分查找树。其实从本质来看,如果把一个数组看成一棵树(也就是以中点为根,左右为左右子树,依次下去)数组就等价于一个二分查找树。所以如果要构造这棵树,那就是把中间元素转化为根,然后递归构造左右子树。所以我们还是用二叉树递归的方法来实现,以根作为返回值,每层递归函数取中间元素,作为当前根和赋上结点值,然后左右结点接上左右区间的递归函数返回值。时间复杂度还是一次树遍历O(n),总的空间复杂度是栈空间O(logn)加上结果的空间O(n),额外空间是O(logn),总体是O(n)。代码如下: 
public TreeNode sortedArrayToBST(int[] num) {
    if(num==null || num.length==0)
        return null;
    return helper(num,0,num.length-1);
}
private TreeNode helper(int[] num, int l, int r)
{
    if(l>r)
        return null;
    int m = (l+r)/2;
    TreeNode root = new TreeNode(num[m]);
    root.left = helper(num,l,m-1);
    root.right = helper(num,m+1,r);
    return root;
}
这是一道不错的题目,模型简单,但是考察了遍历和二分查找树的数据结构,比较适合在电面中出现,类似的题目有 Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree ,是这道题非常好的后续问题,不同数据结构,实现上也会有所不同,有兴趣的朋友可以看看哈。
【Solution】 To convert a binary search tree into a sorted circular doubly linked list, we can use the following steps: 1. Inorder traversal of the binary search tree to get the elements in sorted order. 2. Create a doubly linked list and add the elements from the inorder traversal to it. 3. Make the list circular by connecting the head and tail nodes. 4. Return the head node of the circular doubly linked list. Here's the Python code for the solution: ``` class Node: def __init__(self, val): self.val = val self.prev = None self.next = None def tree_to_doubly_list(root): if not root: return None stack = [] cur = root head = None prev = None while cur or stack: while cur: stack.append(cur) cur = cur.left cur = stack.pop() if not head: head = cur if prev: prev.right = cur cur.left = prev prev = cur cur = cur.right head.left = prev prev.right = head return head ``` To verify the accuracy of the code, we can use the following test cases: ``` # Test case 1 # Input: [4,2,5,1,3] # Output: # Binary search tree: # 4 # / \ # 2 5 # / \ # 1 3 # Doubly linked list: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3 <-> 4 <-> 5 # Doubly linked list in reverse order: 5 <-> 4 <-> 3 <-> 2 <-> 1 root = Node(4) root.left = Node(2) root.right = Node(5) root.left.left = Node(1) root.left.right = Node(3) head = tree_to_doubly_list(root) print("Binary search tree:") print_tree(root) print("Doubly linked list:") print_list(head) print("Doubly linked list in reverse order:") print_list_reverse(head) # Test case 2 # Input: [2,1,3] # Output: # Binary search tree: # 2 # / \ # 1 3 # Doubly linked list: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3 # Doubly linked list in reverse order: 3 <-> 2 <-> 1 root = Node(2) root.left = Node(1) root.right = Node(3) head = tree_to_doubly_list(root) print("Binary search tree:") print_tree(root) print("Doubly linked list:") print_list(head) print("Doubly linked list in reverse order:") print_list_reverse(head) ``` The output of the test cases should match the expected output as commented in the code.
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