Hibernate多对一单向关联

单向多对一关联
在关系型数据库理论中，“多对一”关联同于“一对多”关联，且为了消除数据冗余，在两个关系之间不存在“多对多”关联，“多对多”关联要通过连接表来实现。因此在关系型数据库中只有“一对一”和“一对多（多对一）”，且都是单向的。而在hibernate当中，为了保证关联双方的映射可以通过多种方式进行，“单向一对多”关联和“单向多对一”被认为是两种不同的关联，其主要区别是在于哪个表的映射文件中进行<many to one>的配置，进行<many to one>配置的一方便是“多”。由于“单向一对多”关联的应用比较少见并不被hibernate推荐使用，下面仅对"单向多对一"关联进行说明
对于<many to one>中，主要属性说明如下
name(必需):设定“many”方所包含的“one”方所对应的持久化类的属性名 (PS: One方在Many方(也就是本类)中的属性名 )
column（可选）：设定one方的主键，即持久化类的属性对应的表的外键( One方主键 )
class（可选）：设定one方对应的持久化类的名称，即持久化类属性的类型( 完整路径, 其他type中, 写:string或 java.lang.Integer)
not-null（可选）：如果为true,，表示需要建立相互关联的两个表之间的外键约束
cascade（可选）：级联操作选项，默认为none

单向多对一(many to one)关联是最常见的单向关联关系。假设多个人(Person)可以有一个住址(Address),我们只关心人实体找到对应的地址实体，而无须关心从某个地址找到全部用户.

(对于在"一"那端的N+1问题 :Hibernate3默认lazy就是非false,

fetch="join"这样是一次性把所有关联的东西都查出来,(就是放弃延迟加载)不过fetch和其他配置之间 相互影响比较多,有别的设置可能影响到fetch)

(http://iask.sina.com.cn/b/18302523.html这个说lazy和select说的比较清楚)

下面是将Person.hbm.xml和Address.hbm.xml文件合并到一个Chapter801.hbm.xml文件

Chapter801.hbm.xml映射文件

<hibernate-mapping>

<class
name="hibernate.wizard.chapter8.Person"
table="C8_Person"
schema="dbo"
>
<id
name="personId"
type="java.lang.String"
column="personId"
>
<generatorclass="assigned" />
</id>

<!-- Associations -->
<many-to-onename="Address"
column="addressId"
class="hibernate.wizard.chapter8.Address"
not-null="true"
cascade="none"
/>
</class>

<class
name="hibernate.wizard.chapter8.Address"
table="C8_Address"
schema="dbo"
>
<id
name="addressId"
type="java.lang.String"
column="addressId"
>

<generator class="assigned" />
</id>
<property
name="addressName"
type="java.lang.String"
column="addressName"
not-null="false"
length="50"
>
</property>

<!-- Associations -->
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

持久化类
Person.hbm.xml文件定义了一个<many to one>的关联，而Address.hbm.xml文件未定义的任何关联，说明可以从Person类单向关联到Address类。由于Person类与Address类是“多对一”的关系。因此需要在Person类中声明一个Address类型的地属性address，以实现从一个Person对象导航到与之相关联的Address对象的目的。为了使Person对象与Address对象关联，还需要为Person类构造一人带有Address类型的参数的构造函数

Person类

public class Personimplements Serializable {

private String personId;

private String addressId;

private Address address; //声明了Address类型的属性


public Person(String personId, String addressId) {
this.personId = personId;
this.addressId = addressId;
}

public Person(String personId,Address address){
this.personId = personId;
this.addressId=address.getAddressId();
this.address=address;
}
public Person(String personId) {
this.personId = personId;
}

public Person() {
}

public String getPersonId() {
return this.personId;
}

public void setPersonId(String personId) {
this.personId = personId;
}

public String getAddressId() {
return this.addressId;
}

public void setAddressId(String addressId) {
this.addressId = addressId;
}

public String toString() {
return new ToStringBuilder(this)
.append("personId", getPersonId())
.toString();
}

public AddressgetAddress() {
return address;
}

public voidsetAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}

}

Address类

public class Address implements Serializable {

private String addressId;
private String addressName;
// private Set people=newHashSet();//双向一对多关联时才用

public Address(String addressId,String addressName) {
this.addressId = addressId;
this.addressName=addressName;
}


public Address() {
}

public String getAddressId() {
return this.addressId;
}

public void setAddressId(String addressId) {
this.addressId = addressId;
}

public String toString() {
return new ToStringBuilder(this)
.append("addressId", getAddressId())
.toString();
}

public StringgetAddressName() {
return addressName;
}

public voidsetAddressName(String addressName) {
this.addressName = addressName;
}

public SetgetPeople() {
return people;
}

public voidsetPeople(Set people) {
this.people = people;
}

}

单向多对一关联测试
public classManyToOneTest {
Session session;
Transaction tx;

public staticvoid main(String[] args) {

ManyToOneTestutil=new ManyToOneTest();
util.insert();
}

public voidinsert(){
try {
session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
} catch (HibernateException ex) {
System.out.println(ex);
}
tx = session.beginTransaction();//开始事务

//无级联更新
//保存Address
Address addr=new Address("0001","云山路");//addr是临时对象
session.save(addr);//addr已变成持久化对象
session.flush();//刷新缓存，将数据提交
System.out.println("成功保存Address...");
//保存Person，与上一个Address关联
Person p1=new Person("00001",addr);
Person p2=new Person("00002",addr);
session.save(p1);
session.save(p2);
// 加下面语句，下面的打印语句就不会出现在insert语句的前面了
session.flush();
System.out.println("成功保存Person...");

ArrayList result=(ArrayList)session.createQuery("fromhibernate.wizard.chapter8.Person as p" +
" where p.personId='00001'").list();
for (int i=0;i<result.size();i++){
Person p=(Person)result.get(i);
System.out.println("---personId---addressId---addressName");
System.out.println("---"+p.getPersonId()+"---"+p.getAddressId()+"---"+p.getAddress().getAddressName());
}


tx.commit();//提交事务
session.close();//关闭session
}
}

运行结果
初始化SessionFactory成功。
Hibernate: insert into dbo.C8_Address (addressName, addressId) values (?, ?)
成功保存Address...
Hibernate: insert into dbo.C8_Person (addressId, personId) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into dbo.C8_Person (addressId, personId) values (?, ?)
成功保存Person...
Hibernate: select person0_.personId as personId2_, person0_.addressId asaddressId2_ from dbo.C8_Person person0_ where person0_.personId='00001'
---personId---addressId---addressName
---00001---0001---云山路

建立单向多对一关联需要注意以下几点问题

1.在many方的映射文件中，使用<many to one>标识进行关联映射的定义
2.many方的持久化类中必须声明one方对应的持久化类的属性，用于实现多对一的导航，如上例中的privateAddress address;
3.应用程序中必须创建 many 方到one方的关联，示例中使用带有one方对应的持久化类的参数类型的构造函数是一种方式，另外也可以直接使用many方的set方法创建关联，如pl.setAddress(addr)
4.级联操作定义在<many to one>操作中，如果将cascade属性设为all或save-update,那么在应用程序中只需要用 Session的sava方法持久化many方的对象即可，如 session.save(p3)

Hibernate 一对多连接表单向关联

一、模型介绍

一个人（Person）对应多个地址（Address），比如家庭地址、公司地址。

二、实体（省略getter、setter方法）

public class Person1ntab {

private int personid;

private String name;

private int age;

private Set addresses=new HashSet();

public class Address1nfk implements Serializable {

private int addressid;

private String addressdetail;

三、表模型

mysql> desc join_1ntab;

+-----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| personid | int(11) | NO | PRI | | |

| addressid | int(11) | NO | PRI | | |

+-----------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+

mysql> desc person_1ntab;

+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| personid | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |

| name | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |

| age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |

+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

mysql> desc address_1ntab;

+---------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+---------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| addressid | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |

| addressdetail | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | |

+---------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

四、生成的SQL脚本

/* Formatted on 2007/08/21 10:58 (QP5 v5.50) */

CREATE TABLE `address_1ntab` (

`addressid` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`addressdetail` varchar(255) default NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`addressid`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;

/* Formatted on 2007/08/21 10:58 (QP5 v5.50) */

CREATE TABLE `join_1ntab` (

`personid` int(11) NOT NULL,

`addressid` int(11) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`personid`,`addressid`),

UNIQUE KEY `addressid` (`addressid`),

KEY `FK6B6078C3C8DF5BFF` (`personid`),

KEY `FK6B6078C3C2B11347` (`addressid`),

CONSTRAINT `FK6B6078C3C2B11347` FOREIGN KEY (`addressid`) REFERENCES `address_1ntab` (`addressid`),

CONSTRAINT `FK6B6078C3C8DF5BFF` FOREIGN KEY (`personid`) REFERENCES `person_1ntab` (`personid`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;

/* Formatted on 2007/08/21 10:58 (QP5 v5.50) */

CREATE TABLE `person_1ntab` (

`personid` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,

`name` varchar(255) default NULL,

`age` int(11) default NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`personid`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk;

五、映射方法

<hibernate-mapping>

<class name="com.lavasoft.dx._1_n_tab.Person1ntab" table="PERSON_1ntab">

<id name="personid">

<generator class="identity"/>

</id>

<property name="name"/>

<property name="age"/>

<!--映射集合属性，join_1ntab是连接表表名-->

<set name="addresses"

table="join_1ntab"

>

<!--“column="personid"”确定PERSON_1ntab表关联到连接表的外键列名-->

<key column="personid"/>

<!--“column="addressid"”关联PERSON_1ntab表的Address1ntab对象的id在连接表中的列名-->

<!--“unique="true"表示1-N，Person1ntab是1，Address1ntab是多”-->

<many-to-many

column="addressid"

unique="true"

class="com.lavasoft.dx._1_n_tab.Address1ntab"/>

</set>

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

<hibernate-mapping>

<class name="com.lavasoft.dx._1_n_tab.Address1ntab" table="ADDRESS_1ntab">

<id name="addressid">

<generator class="identity"/>

</id>

<property name="addressdetail"/>

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

六、测试方法

public class Test_1ntab {

public static void main(String[] args){

Address1ntab add1=new Address1ntab();

Address1ntab add2=new Address1ntab();

Address1ntab add3=new Address1ntab();

Person1ntab p1=new Person1ntab();

Person1ntab p2=new Person1ntab();

add1.setAddressdetail("郑州市经三路");

add2.setAddressdetail("合肥市宿州路");

add3.setAddressdetail("北京市长安路");

p1.setName("wang");

p1.setAge(30);

p2.setName("lee");

p2.setAge(50);

p1.getAddresses().add(add1);

p1.getAddresses().add(add2);

//p2.getAddresses().add(add2);

p2.getAddresses().add(add3);

Session session= HibernateUtil.getCurrentSession();

Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();

session.save(add1);

session.save(add2);

session.save(add3);

session.save(p1);

session.save(p2);

tx.commit();

HibernateUtil.closeSession();

}

}

七、测试结果

1) :正常保存.

session.save(add1);

session.save(add2);

session.save(add3);

session.save(p1);

session.save(p2);

Hibernate: insert into PERSON_1nfk (name, age) values (?, ?)

Hibernate: insert into ADDRESS_1nfk (addressdetail) values (?)

Hibernate: insert into ADDRESS_1nfk (addressdetail) values (?)

Hibernate: update ADDRESS_1nfk set personid=?where addressid=?

Hibernate: update ADDRESS_1nfk set personid=?where addressid=?