hibernate中关联关系一对多映射单向以及级联保存

班级-学生一对多映射实现（单向）

Class.java

package com.java1234.model;
public class Class {
private long id;
private String name;

public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

}

Student.java

package com.java1234.model;
public class Student {
private long id;
private String name;
private Class c;
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Class getC() {
return c;
}
public void setC(Class c) {
this.c = c;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
}

}

映射文件：Class.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.java1234.model">
<class name="Class" table="t_class">
<id name="id" column="classId">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name" column="className"></property>
</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

 

Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">


<hibernate-mapping package="com.java1234.model">
<class name="Student" table="t_student">
<id name="id" column="stuId">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name" column="stuName"></property>
<many-to-one name="c" column="classId" class="com.java1234.model.Class" cascade="save-update"></many-to-one>
</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

 

 

配置文件：hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!--数据库连接设置 -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate</property>
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">123456</property>
        <!-- 方言 -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
        <!-- 控制台显示SQL -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- 自动更新表结构 -->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
  <mapping resource="com/java1234/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>
  <mapping resource="com/java1234/model/Class.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

 

生成表结构

 

单元测试：StudentTest3.java

package com.java1234.service;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.java1234.model.Class;
import com.java1234.model.Student;
import com.java1234.util.HibernateUtil;
public class StudentTest3 {
private SessionFactory sessionFactory=HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
private Session session;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
session=sessionFactory.openSession(); // 生成一个session
    session.beginTransaction(); // 开启事务
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
session.getTransaction().commit(); // 提交事务
session.close(); // 关闭session
}
@Test
public void testSaveClassAndStudent() {
Class c=new Class();
    c.setName("08计本");
    session.save(c);
    Student s1=new Student();
    s1.setName("张三");
    s1.setC(c);
    Student s2=new Student();
    s2.setName("李四");
    s2.setC(c); 
    session.save(s1);
    session.save(s2);
}

@Test
public void testSaveClassAndStudentWithCascade() {
Class c=new Class();
    c.setName("08计本");
    Student s1=new Student();
    s1.setName("张三");
    s1.setC(c);
    Student s2=new Student();
    s2.setName("李四");
    s2.setC(c);
    session.save(s1);
    session.save(s2);
}

}

 

session.save(c)是把c对象变为持久化对象，在Session缓存中，如果不加这句话的话c对象就是临时对象，不加这句话在保存学生的时候就保存不上班级信息就会报错

解决办法是：在<many-to-one>这端，把 cascade 设置成”save-update”；

<many-to-one name="c" column="classId" class="com.java1234.model.Class" cascade="save-update"></many-to-one>

 

 

在<many-to-one>这端，cascade 默认是”none”，假如我们希望在持久化多的一端的时候，自动级 联保存和更新一的一端，我们可以把 cascade 设置成”save-update”；

就像上面的那两个方法：testSaveClassAndStudent()， testSaveClassAndStudentWithCascade()，前面那个方法是没有加上

cascade="save-update"的，所以加上了session.save(c);因为不会自动级联保存班级信息。

 

还有值得一说的是，在testSaveClassAndStudentWithCascade()中，s1，s2对象放在了session缓存中是持久化对象，c对象没有放在其中，是临时对象。

运行之后数据库的 结果

t_student表

t_class表