SOCKET socket( int af, int type, int protocol ); 应用程序调用socket函数来创建一个能够进行网络通信的套接字。 第一个参数指定应用程序使用的通信协议的协议族,对于TCP/IP协议族,该参数置AF_INET; 第二个参数指定要创建的套接字类型,流套接字类型为SOCK_STREAM、数据报套接字类型为SOCK_DGRAM; 第三个参数指定应用程序所使用的通信协议。 该函数如果调用成功就返回新创建的套接字的描述符,如果失败就返回INVALID_SOCKET。套接字描述符是一个整数类型的值。每个进程的进程空间里都有一个套接字描述符表,该表中存放着套接字描述符和套接字数据结构的对应关系。该表中有一个字段存放新创建的套接字的描述符,另一个字段存放套接字数据结构的地址,因此根据套接字描述符就可以找到其对应的套接字数据结构。每个进程在自己的进程空间里都有一个套接字描述符表但是套接字数据结构都是在操作系统的内核缓冲里。 下面是一个创建流套接字的例子: struct protoent *ppe; ppe=getprotobyname("tcp"); SOCKET ListenSocket=socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,ppe->p_proto);
错误码
WSANOTINITIALISED A successful WSAStartup call must occur before using this function. WSAENETDOWN The network subsystem or the associated service provider has failed. WSAEAFNOSUPPORT The specified address family is not supported. WSAEINPROGRESS A blocking Windows Sockets 1.1 call is in progress, or the service provider is still processing a callback function. WSAEMFILE No more socket descriptors are available. WSAENOBUFS No buffer space is available. The socket cannot be created. WSAEPROTONOSUPPORT The specified protocol is not supported. WSAEPROTOTYPE The specified protocol is the wrong type for this socket. WSAESOCKTNOSUPPORT The specified socket type is not supported in this address family. Remarks The socket function causes a socket descriptor and any related resources to be allocated and bound to a specific transport-service provider. Windows Sockets will utilize the first available service provider that supports the requested combination of address family, socket type and protocol parameters. The socket that is created will have the overlapped attribute as a default. For Microsoft operating systems, the Microsoft-specific socket option, SO_OPENTYPE, defined in Mswsock.h can affect this default. See Microsoft-specific documentation for a detailed description of SO_OPENTYPE. Sockets without the overlapped attribute can be created by using WSASocket. All functions that allow overlapped operation (WSASend, WSARecv,WSASendTo, WSARecvFrom, and WSAIoctl) also support nonoverlapped usage on an overlapped socket if the values for parameters related to overlapped operation are NULL. When selecting a protocol and its supporting service provider this procedure will only choose a base protocol or a protocol chain, not a protocol layer by itself. Unchained protocol layers are not considered to have partial matches on type or af either. That is, they do not lead to an error code of WSAEAFNOSUPPORT or WSAEPROTONOSUPPORT if no suitable protocol is found. Important The manifest constant AF_UNSPEC continues to be defined in the header file but its use is strongly discouraged, as this can cause ambiguity in interpreting the value of the protocol parameter. Connection-oriented sockets such as SOCK_STREAM provide full-duplex connections, and must be in a connected state before any data can be sent or received on it. A connection to another socket is created with a connect call. Once connected, data can be transferred using send and recv calls. When a session has been completed, a closesocket must be performed. The communications protocols used to implement a reliable, connection-oriented socket ensure that data is not lost or duplicated. If data for which the peer protocol has buffer space cannot be successfully transmitted within a reasonable length of time, the connection is considered broken and subsequent calls will fail with the error code set to WSAETIMEDOUT. Connectionless, message-oriented sockets allow sending and receiving of datagrams to and from arbitrary peers using sendto and recvfrom. If such a socket is connected to a specific peer, datagrams can be sent to that peer using send and can be received only from this peer using recv. Support for sockets with type SOCK_RAW is not required, but service providers are encouraged to support raw sockets as practicable. Notes for IrDA Sockets The Af_irda.h header file must be explicitly included. Only SOCK_STREAM is supported; the SOCK_DGRAM type is not supported by IrDA. The protocol parameter is always set to 0 for IrDA. Note On Windows NT, raw socket support requires administrative privileges. Requirements Windows NT/2000/XP: Included in Windows NT 3.1 and later. Windows 95/98/Me: Included in Windows 95 and later. Header: Declared in Winsock2.h. Library: Use Ws2_32.lib. See Also Windows Sockets Programming Considerations Overview, Socket Functions, accept, bind, connect, getsockname, getsockopt, ioctlsocket, listen, recv, recvfrom, select, send, sendto, setsockopt, shutdown, WSASocket