全面控制 Excel
首先创建 Excel 对象,使用ComObj:
Dim ExcelID as Excel.Application
Set ExcelID as new Excel.Application
1) 显示当前窗口:
ExcelID.Visible := True;
2) 更改 Excel 标题栏:
ExcelID.Caption := '应用程序调用 Microsoft Excel';
3) 添加新工作簿:
ExcelID.WorkBooks.Add;
4) 打开已存在的工作簿:
ExcelID.WorkBooks.Open( 'C:\Excel\Demo.xls' );
5) 设置第2个工作表为活动工作表:
ExcelID.WorkSheets[2].Activate;
或 ExcelID.WorkSheets[ 'Sheet2' ].Activate;
6) 给单元格赋值:
ExcelID.Cells[1,4].Value := '第一行第四列';
7) 设置指定列的宽度(单位:字符个数),以第一列为例:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Columns[1].ColumnsWidth := 5;
8) 设置指定行的高度(单位:磅)(1磅=0.035厘米),以第二行为例:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Rows[2].RowHeight := 1/0.035; // 1厘米
9) 在第8行之前插入分页符:
ExcelID.WorkSheets[1].Rows[8].PageBreak := 1;
10) 在第8列之前删除分页符:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Columns[4].PageBreak := 0;
11) 指定边框线宽度:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Range[ 'B3:D4' ].Borders[2].Weight := 3;
1-左 2-右 3-顶 4-底 5-斜( \ ) 6-斜( / )
12) 清除第一行第四列单元格公式:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Cells[1,4].ClearContents;
13) 设置第一行字体属性:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Rows[1].Font.Name := '隶书';
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Rows[1].Font.Color := clBlue;
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Rows[1].Font.Bold := True;
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Rows[1].Font.UnderLine := True;
14) 进行页面设置:
a.页眉:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterHeader := '报表演示';
b.页脚:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterFooter := '第&P页';
c.页眉到顶端边距2cm:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.HeaderMargin := 2/0.035;
d.页脚到底端边距3cm:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.HeaderMargin := 3/0.035;
e.顶边距2cm:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.TopMargin := 2/0.035;
f.底边距2cm:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.BottomMargin := 2/0.035;
g.左边距2cm:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.LeftMargin := 2/0.035;
h.右边距2cm:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.RightMargin := 2/0.035;
i.页面水平居中:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterHorizontally := 2/0.035;
j.页面垂直居中:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.CenterVertically := 2/0.035;
k.打印单元格网线:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.PrintGridLines := True;
15) 拷贝操作:
a.拷贝整个工作表:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Used.Range.Copy;
b.拷贝指定区域:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Range[ 'A1:E2' ].Copy;
c.从A1位置开始粘贴:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Range.[ 'A1' ].PasteSpecial;
d.从文件尾部开始粘贴:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Range.PasteSpecial;
16) 插入一行或一列:
a. ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Rows[2].Insert;
b. ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Columns[1].Insert;
17) 删除一行或一列:
a. ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Rows[2].Delete;
b. ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Columns[1].Delete;
18) 打印预览工作表:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PrintPreview;
19) 打印输出工作表:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PrintOut;
20) 工作表保存:
If not ExcelID.ActiveWorkBook.Saved then
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PrintPreview
End if
21) 工作表另存为:
ExcelID.SaveAs( 'C:\Excel\Demo1.xls' );
22) 放弃存盘:
ExcelID.ActiveWorkBook.Saved := True;
23) 关闭工作簿:
ExcelID.WorkBooks.Close;
24) 退出 Excel:
ExcelID.Quit;
25) 设置工作表密码:
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.Protect "123", DrawingObjects:=True, Contents:=True, Scenarios:=True
26) EXCEL的显示方式为最大化
ExcelID.Application.WindowState = xlMaximized
27) 工作薄显示方式为最大化
ExcelID.ActiveWindow.WindowState = xlMaximized
28) 设置打开默认工作薄数量
ExcelID.SheetsInNewWorkbook = 3
29) '关闭时是否提示保存(true 保存;false 不保存)
ExcelID.DisplayAlerts = False
30) 设置拆分窗口,及固定行位置
ExcelID.ActiveWindow.SplitRow = 1
ExcelID.ActiveWindow.FreezePanes = True
31) 设置打印时固定打印内容
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.PrintTitleRows = "$1:$1"
32) 设置打印标题
ExcelID.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.PrintTitleColumns = ""
33) 设置显示方式(分页方式显示)
ExcelID.ActiveWindow.View = xlPageBreakPreview
34) 设置显示比例
ExcelID.ActiveWindow.Zoom = 100
35) 让Excel 响应 DDE 请求
Ex.Application.IgnoreRemoteRequests = False
用VB操作EXCEL
Private Sub Command3_Click()
On Error GoTo err1
Dim i As Long
Dim j As Long
Dim objExl As Excel.Application '声明对象变量
Me.MousePointer = 11 '改变鼠标样式
Set objExl = New Excel.Application '初始化对象变量
objExl.SheetsInNewWorkbook = 1 '将新建的工作薄数量设为1
objExl.Workbooks.Add '增加一个工作薄
objExl.Sheets(objExl.Sheets.Count).Name = "book1" '修改工作薄名称
objExl.Sheets.Add , objExl.Sheets("book1") ‘增加第二个工作薄在第一个之后
objExl.Sheets(objExl.Sheets.Count).Name = "book2"
objExl.Sheets.Add , objExl.Sheets("book2") ‘增加第三个工作薄在第二个之后
objExl.Sheets(objExl.Sheets.Count).Name = "book3"
objExl.Sheets("book1").Select '选中工作薄<book1>
For i = 1 To 50 '循环写入数据
For j = 1 To 5
If i = 1 Then
objExl.Selection.NumberFormatLocal = "@" '设置格式为文本
objExl.Cells(i, j) = " E " & i & j
Else
objExl.Cells(i, j) = i & j
End If
Next
Next
objExl.Rows("1:1").Select '选中第一行
objExl.Selection.Font.Bold = True '设为粗体
objExl.Selection.Font.Size = 24 '设置字体大小
objExl.Cells.EntireColumn.AutoFit '自动调整列宽
objExl.ActiveWindow.SplitRow = 1 '拆分第一行
objExl.ActiveWindow. SplitColumn = 0 '拆分列
objExl.ActiveWindow.FreezePanes = True '固定拆分 objExl.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.PrintTitleRows = "$1:$1" '设置打印固定行
objExl.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.PrintTitleColumns = "" '打印标题 objExl.ActiveSheet.PageSetup.RightFooter = "打印时间: " & _
Format(Now, "yyyy年mm月dd日 hh:MM:ss")
objExl.ActiveWindow.View = xlPageBreakPreview '设置显示方式
objExl.ActiveWindow.Zoom = 100 '设置显示大小
'给工作表加密码
objExl.ActiveSheet.Protect "123", DrawingObjects:=True, _
Contents:=True, Scenarios:=True
objExl.Application.IgnoreRemoteRequests = False
objExl.Visible = True '使EXCEL可见
objExl.Application.WindowState = xlMaximized 'EXCEL的显示方式为最大化
objExl.ActiveWindow.WindowState = xlMaximized '工作薄显示方式为最大化
objExl.SheetsInNewWorkbook = 3 '将默认新工作薄数量改回3个
Set objExl = Nothing '清除对象
Me.MousePointer = 0 '修改鼠标
Exit Sub
err1:
objExl.SheetsInNewWorkbook = 3
objExl.DisplayAlerts = False '关闭时不提示保存
objExl.Quit '关闭EXCEL
objExl.DisplayAlerts = True '关闭时提示保存
Set objExl = Nothing
Me.MousePointer = 0
End Sub
********************************************************
然后在您需要操作Excel的地方添加如下代码:
Dim app As Excel.Application
Dim books As Excel.Workbooks
Dim sheets As Worksheets
Dim sheet As Worksheet
Set app = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
Set books = app.Workbooks
books.Add
app.Visible = True
Set sheet = app.Worksheets("Sheet1")
sheet.Activate
'改变字体
Range("D13").Select
ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "Change Font"
With ActiveCell.Characters(Start:=1, Length:=11).Font
.Name = "Bernard MT Condensed"
.FontStyle = "Regular"
.Size = 12
.Strikethrough = False
.Superscript = False
.Subscript = False
.OutlineFont = False
.Shadow = False
.Underline = xlUnderlineStyleNone
.ColorIndex = xlAutomatic
End With
'设置字体颜色为红色
Range("C4").Select
ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "Change Color"
With ActiveCell.Characters(Start:=1, Length:=12).Font
.Name = "宋体"
.FontStyle = "Regular"
.Size = 12
.Strikethrough = False
.Superscript = False
.Subscript = False
.OutlineFont = False
.Shadow = False
.Underline = xlUnderlineStyleNone
.ColorIndex = 3
End With
'增加边框
Range("E5:H10").Select
Selection.Borders(xlDiagonalDown).LineStyle = xlNone
Selection.Borders(xlDiagonalUp).LineStyle = xlNone
With Selection.Borders(xlEdgeLeft)
.LineStyle = xlContinuous
.Weight = xlThin
.ColorIndex = xlAutomatic
End With
With Selection.Borders(xlEdgeTop)
.LineStyle = xlContinuous
.Weight = xlThin
.ColorIndex = xlAutomatic
End With
With Selection.Borders(xlEdgeBottom)
.LineStyle = xlContinuous
.Weight = xlThin
.ColorIndex = xlAutomatic
End With
With Selection.Borders(xlEdgeRight)
.LineStyle = xlContinuous
.Weight = xlThin
.ColorIndex = xlAutomatic
End With
With Selection.Borders(xlInsideVertical)
.LineStyle = xlContinuous
.Weight = xlThin
.ColorIndex = xlAutomatic
End With
With Selection.Borders(xlInsideHorizontal)
.LineStyle = xlContinuous
.Weight = xlThin
.ColorIndex = xlAutomatic
End With
sheet.SaveAs "C:\Test.xls"
books.Close
app.Quit
如果您希望了解如何改变单元格的字体,边框,或者颜色,您有以下两个办法:
1、在Microsoft Excel 中,首先在工具->宏->记录新宏,开始记录一个新的宏,然后手动选中单元格,并改变单元格的格式,完成目的以后,选择停止记录。接着在工具->宏中打开Visual Basic编辑器,在模块中会有一段相应的代码,对应着您刚才的操作,您可以把这段代码写到Visual Basic的工程中,就通过程序实现了设置单元格格式。
2、您可以参考MSDN文档:
Microsoft Office XP Developer Working with Microsoft Excel Objects
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/modcore/html/deovrUnderstandingExcelApplicationObject.asp 学习Excel对象的使用,同时参考MSDN相关的内容学习各种属性的使用方法