<context-param>与<init-param>的区别与作用

<context-param>的作用:
web.xml的配置中<context-param>配置作用
1.启动一个WEB项目的时候,容器(如:Tomcat)会去读它的配置文件web.xml.读两个节点: <listener></listener> 和 <context-param></context-param>
2.紧接着,容器创建一个ServletContext(上下文),这个WEB项目所有部分都将共享这个上下文.
3.容器将<context-param></context-param>转化为键值对,并交给ServletContext.
4.容器创建<listener></listener>中的类实例,即创建监听.
5.在监听中会有contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent args)初始化方法,在这个方法中获得ServletContext = ServletContextEvent.getServletContext();
context-param的值 = ServletContext.getInitParameter("context-param的键");
6.得到这个context-param的值之后,你就可以做一些操作了.注意,这个时候你的WEB项目还没有完全启动完成.这个动作会比所有的Servlet都要早.
换句话说,这个时候,你对<context-param>中的键值做的操作,将在你的WEB项目完全启动之前被执行.
7.举例.你可能想在项目启动之前就打开数据库.
那么这里就可以在<context-param>中设置数据库的连接方式,在监听类中初始化数据库的连接.
8.这个监听是自己写的一个类,除了初始化方法,它还有销毁方法.用于关闭应用前释放资源.比如说数据库连接的关闭.
 
如:
  
<!-- 加载spring的配置文件 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml,/WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml,/WEB-
INF/jason-servlet.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  
又如: --->自定义context-param,且自定义listener来获取这些信息
<context-param>
    <param-name>urlrewrite</param-name>
    <param-value>false</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>cluster</param-name>
    <param-value>false</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>servletmapping</param-name>
    <param-value>*.bbscs</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>poststoragemode</param-name>
    <param-value>1</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>com.laoer.bbscs.web.servlet.SysListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  
public class SysListener extends HttpServlet implements ServletContextListener {
 private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(SysListener.class);
 public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
   //用于在容器关闭时,操作
 }
 
 //用于在容器开启时,操作
 public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
  String rootpath = sce.getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
  System.out.println("-------------rootPath:"+rootpath);
  if (rootpath != null) {
   rootpath = rootpath.replaceAll("\\\\", "/");
  } else {
   rootpath = "/";
  }
  if (!rootpath.endsWith("/")) {
   rootpath = rootpath + "/";
  }
  Constant.ROOTPATH = rootpath;
  logger.info("Application Run Path:" + rootpath);
  String urlrewrtie = sce.getServletContext().getInitParameter("urlrewrite");//取得初始化值
  boolean burlrewrtie = false;
  if (urlrewrtie != null) {
   burlrewrtie = Boolean.parseBoolean(urlrewrtie);
  }
  Constant.USE_URL_REWRITE = burlrewrtie;
  logger.info("Use Urlrewrite:" + burlrewrtie);
   其它略之.... 
  }
}
 
  /*最终输出
  -------------rootPath:D:\tomcat_bbs\webapps\BBSCS_8_0_3\
  2009-06-09 21:51:46,526 [com.laoer.bbscs.web.servlet.SysListener]-[INFO]
Application Run Path:D:/tomcat_bbs/webapps/BBSCS_8_0_3/
  2009-06-09 21:51:46,526 [com.laoer.bbscs.web.servlet.SysListener]-[INFO]
Use Urlrewrite:true
  2009-06-09 21:51:46,526 [com.laoer.bbscs.web.servlet.SysListener]-[INFO]
Use Cluster:false
  2009-06-09 21:51:46,526 [com.laoer.bbscs.web.servlet.SysListener]-[INFO]
SERVLET MAPPING:*.bbscs
  2009-06-09 21:51:46,573 [com.laoer.bbscs.web.servlet.SysListener]-[INFO]
Post Storage Mode:1
  */
 
context-param和init-param区别
web.xml里面可以定义两种参数:
(1)application范围内的参数,存放在servletcontext中,在web.xml中配置如下:
<context-param>
           <param-name>context/param</param-name>
           <param-value>avalible during application</param-value>
  </context-param>
(2)servlet范围内的参数,只能在servlet的init()方法中取得,在web.xml中配置如下:
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>MainServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.wes.controller.MainServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
       <param-name>param1</param-name>
       <param-value>avalible in servlet init()</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
  
在servlet中可以通过代码分别取用:
package com.wes.controller;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
public class MainServlet extends HttpServlet ...{
    public MainServlet() ...{
        super();
     }
    public void init() throws ServletException ...{
         System.out.println("下面的两个参数param1是在servlet中存放的");
         System.out.println(this.getInitParameter("param1"));
         System.out.println("下面的参数是存放在servletcontext中的");
         System.out.println(getServletContext().getInitParameter("context/param"));
      }
}
 
第一种参数在servlet里面可以通过getServletContext().getInitParameter("context/param")得到
第二种参数只能在servlet的init()方法中通过this.getInitParameter("param1")取得.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://JAVA.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <display-name>springMVC</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext-mybatis.xml</param-value> </context-param> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name> <param-value>keshe_C12_09.root</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener </listener-class> </listener> </web-app>
最新发布
07-16
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