ARM Linux下访问GPIO端口

GPIO（GeneralPurpose Input/Output的缩写）就是芯片的引脚，引脚是可编程的可对引脚的工作模式进行设置：输入模式(检测输入信号)，输出模式(输出0或1)，高阻状态(常用于AD转换)，还有禁止或允许上内部下拉电阻(上拉：管脚通过电阻接高电平，下拉：管脚通过电阻接地，也可以外部接上拉或下拉电阻)，还有管脚复用等功能，即通过对内部寄存器的设置使引脚既可以工作在一般模式，作为普通的GPIO口使用，也可以工作在特殊模式，比如作为外部中断信号输入引脚等等。如果不设置GPIO引脚，CPU工作时有一个初始化模式，可以从datasheet（芯片手册）上了解。对GPIO的控制是编写驱动程序最常见和重要的一项工作内容。在Linux内核代码中，已经提供了针对三星S3C2410/S3C2440等芯片GPIO的控制。

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linux-2.6.30.4\arch\arm\plat-s3c\include\plat\ map-base.h

#defineS3C_ADDR_BASE (0xF4000000)

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

#define S3C_ADDR(x) ((void__iomem __force *)S3C_ADDR_BASE+ (x))

#else

#defineS3C_ADDR(x) (S3C_ADDR_BASE+ (x))

#endif

#define S3C_VA_IRQ S3C_ADDR(0x00000000) /* irq controller(s) */

#define S3C_VA_SYS S3C_ADDR(0x00100000) /* system control */

#define S3C_VA_MEM S3C_ADDR(0x00200000) /* system control */

#define S3C_VA_TIMER S3C_ADDR(0x00300000) /* timer block */

#define S3C_VA_WATCHDOG S3C_ADDR(0x00400000) /* watchdog */

#define S3C_VA_UART S3C_ADDR(0x01000000) /*UART */

linux-2.6.30.4\arch\arm\plat-s3c24xx\include\plat\ map.h

/* UARTs */

#defineS3C24XX_VA_UART S3C_VA_UART

#define S3C2410_PA_UART (0x50000000)

#define S3C24XX_SZ_UART SZ_1M

#define S3C_UART_OFFSET (0x4000)

UART映射后的虚拟地址是0xF4000000＋0x01000000

linux-2.6.30.4\arch\arm\plat-s3c24xx\include\plat\ map.h

/* GPIO ports */

#define S3C2410_PA_GPIO (0x56000000)

#defineS3C24XX_VA_GPIO ((S3C24XX_PA_GPIO- S3C24XX_PA_UART) + S3C24XX_VA_UART)//GPIO的虚拟地址

#define S3C24XX_SZ_GPIO SZ_1M

GPIO的基地址为 0xfb000000

S3C24XX_VA_GPIO在不同的linux版本中可能不一样，2.6.30.4是按照上面的方式，下图是2.6.22.6的实现方法

linux/include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/map.h #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__ #define S3C2410_ADDR(x) ((void __iomem *)0xF0000000 + (x)) #else #define S3C2410_ADDR(x) (0xF0000000 + (x)) #endif #define S3C2400_ADDR(x) S3C2410_ADDR(x) /* GPIO ports */ #define S3C24XX_VA_GPIO S3C2410_ADDR(0x00E00000) #define S3C2400_PA_GPIO (0x15600000) #define S3C2410_PA_GPIO (0x56000000) #define S3C24XX_SZ_GPIO SZ_1M

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/include/mach/regs-gpio.h

#defineS3C2410_GPIOREG(x) ((x) + S3C24XX_VA_GPIO)//在GPIO的虚拟地址上直接偏移

#define S3C24XX_GPIOREG2(x) ((x) + S3C24XX_VA_GPIO2)

linux-2.6.30.4/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/include/mach/gpio-nrs.h

#defineS3C2410_GPIONO(bank,offset)((bank) + (offset))

#defineS3C2410_GPIO_BANKA (32*0)//每组最多32个端口

#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKB(32*1)

#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKC(32*2)

#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKD(32*3)

#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKE(32*4)

#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKF(32*5)

#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKG(32*6)

#define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKH (32*7)

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/include/mach/regs-gpio.h

#defineS3C2410_GPACON S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x00)//A组GPIO的控制寄存器

#define S3C2410_GPADAT S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x04)//A组GPIO的数据寄存器

#define S3C2400_GPACON S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x00)

#define S3C2400_GPADAT S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x04)

#defineS3C2410_GPA0 S3C2410_GPIONO(S3C2410_GPIO_BANKA, 0)//A组GPIO的第0个的pin数

#define S3C2410_GPA0_OUT(0<<0)//设置A0为输出功能

#define S3C2410_GPA0_ADDR0(1<<0)//设置A0作为地址线ADDR0

*******************************************************************************

#define S3C2410_GPBCON S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x10)

#define S3C2410_GPBDAT S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x14)

#define S3C2410_GPBUP S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x18)

#define S3C2410_GPB0S3C2410_GPIONO(S3C2410_GPIO_BANKB, 0)

#define S3C2410_GPB0_INP(0x00 << 0)

#define S3C2410_GPB0_OUTP(0x01 << 0)

#define S3C2410_GPB0_TOUT0(0x02 << 0)

#define S3C2400_GPB0_DATA16(0x02 << 0)

*******************************************************************************

#define S3C2410_GPCCON S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x20)

#define S3C2410_GPCDAT S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x24)

#define S3C2410_GPCUP S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x28)

#define S3C2410_GPC0S3C2410_GPIONO(S3C2410_GPIO_BANKC, 0)

#define S3C2410_GPC0_INP (0x00<< 0)

#define S3C2410_GPC0_OUTP (0x01<< 0)

#define S3C2410_GPC0_LEND (0x02<< 0)

#define S3C2400_GPC0_VD0 (0x02<< 0)

*******************************************************************************

#define S3C2410_GPDCON S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x30)

#define S3C2410_GPDDAT S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x34)

#define S3C2410_GPDUP S3C2410_GPIOREG(0x38)

— Port A(GPA): 25-output port — Port B(GPB): 11-input/out port — Port C(GPC): 16-input/output port — Port D(GPD): 16-input/output port — Port E(GPE): 16-input/output port — Port F(GPF): 8-input/output port — Port G(GPG): 16-input/output port — Port H(GPH): 9-input/output port — Port J(GPJ): 13-input/output port Register Address R/W Description Reset Value GPACON 0x56000000 R/W Configures the pins of port A 0xffffff GPADAT 0x56000004 R/W The data register for port A Undef. Reserved 0x56000008 – Reserved Undef Reserved 0x5600000c – Reserved Undef Register Address R/W Description Reset Value GPBCON 0x56000010 R/W Configures the pins of port B 0x0 GPBDAT 0x56000014 R/W The data register for port B Undef. GPBUP 0x56000018 R/W Pull-up disable register for port B 0x0 Reserved 0x5600001c Register Address R/W Description Reset Value GPCCON 0x56000020 R/W Configures the pins of port C 0x0 GPCDAT 0x56000024 R/W The data register for port C Undef. GPCUP 0x56000028 R/W Pull-up disable register for port C 0x0 Reserved 0x5600002c – – – Register Address R/W Description Reset Value GPDCON 0x56000030 R/W Configures the pins of port D 0x0 GPDDAT 0x56000034 R/W The data register for port D Undef. GPDUP 0x56000038 R/W Pull-up disable register for port D 0xf000 Reserved 0x5600003c – – –

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void s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(unsignedint pin, unsigned int function)// 其中参数pin是要配置的GPIO引脚，参数function是要配置的功能

{

void __iomem *base = S3C24XX_GPIO_BASE(pin);

unsignedlong mask;

unsignedlong con;

unsignedlong flags;

if(pin < S3C2410_GPIO_BANKB){

mask= 1 << S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin);

}else {

mask= 3 << S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin)*2;

}

//如果引脚为A端口之外GPIO端口时，它是用两位来配置具体的引脚，故掩码为2位

switch(function) {

caseS3C2410_GPIO_LEAVE:

mask= 0;

function= 0;

break;

caseS3C2410_GPIO_INPUT:

caseS3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT:

caseS3C2410_GPIO_SFN2:

caseS3C2410_GPIO_SFN3:

if(pin < S3C2410_GPIO_BANKB){

function-= 1;

function&= 1;

function<<= S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin);

}else {

function&= 3;

function<<= S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin)*2;

}

}

/* modify thespecified register wwith IRQs off */

local_irq_save(flags);// 关中断

con= __raw_readl(base + 0x00);

con &= ~mask;

con |= function;

__raw_writel(con, base + 0x00);

local_irq_restore(flags);// 开中断

}

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/include/mach/regs-gpio.h

#define S3C2410_GPIO_BASE(pin)((((pin) & ~31) >> 1) + S3C24XX_VA_GPIO)

//每组GPIO的虚拟基地址（要先屏蔽最低的5位）根据端口编号pin，算出端口所在组的虚拟基址。((pin) & ~31)是去掉pin当中小于等于31的零头(清0低5位)，>>1的原因是每组GPIO中最多可以有32个端口，控制这些端口需要4个寄存器空间，4个寄存器空间就需要4*4=16个字节进行编址，32/16=2，左移一位刚好满足。也就是说，上一组端口和下一组端口的编号相差32，而控制寄存器的地址相差16。

#define S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin) ((pin) & 31)

//根据端口编号pin，算出端口所在组的偏移量。((pin) & 31)即去掉比31大的数

linux/arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/gpio.c

s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin //配置端口的GPIO的功能
s3c2410_gpio_getcfg//读取功能配置
s3c2410_gpio_pullup//配置上拉电阻
s3c2410_modify_misccr //杂项配置

s3c2410_gpio_getirq//给定端口，转换出IRQ号
s3c2410_gpio_irqfilter//配置IRQ过滤使能与否

s3c2410_gpio_setpin//写数据到端口
s3c2410_gpio_getpin//从端口读数据

以下代码摘自Leds的驱动程序，旨在说明linux下如何访问寄存器

static unsigned long led_table [] =

{

S3C2410_GPB5,

S3C2410_GPB6,

S3C2410_GPB7,

S3C2410_GPB8,

};

/* 用来指定GPIO引脚的功能：输出 */

static unsigned int led_cfg_table [] =

{

S3C2410_GPB5_OUTP,

S3C2410_GPB6_OUTP,

S3C2410_GPB7_OUTP,

S3C2410_GPB8_OUTP,

};

static int gt2440_leds_ioctl(

structinode *inode,

structfile *file,

unsignedint cmd,

unsignedlong arg)

{

if(arg > 4)

{

return-EINVAL;

}

switch(cmd)

{

caseIOCTL_LED_ON:

//设置指定引脚的输出电平为0

s3c2410_gpio_setpin(led_table[arg], 0);

return0;

caseIOCTL_LED_OFF:

//设置指定引脚的输出电平为1

s3c2410_gpio_setpin(led_table[arg], 1);

return0;

default:

return-EINVAL;

}

}

static struct file_operations dev_fops = {

.owner = THIS_MODULE,

.ioctl = gt2440_leds_ioctl,

};

static struct miscdevice misc = {

.minor= MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,

.name= DEVICE_NAME,

.fops= &dev_fops,

};

static int __init dev_init(void)

{

intret;

inti;

for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)

{

s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(led_table[i],led_cfg_table[i]);

s3c2410_gpio_setpin(led_table[i],0);// 设置相应GPIO口的值

}

ret= misc_register(&misc);

printk(DEVICE_NAME" initialized\n");

returnret;

}

static void __exit dev_exit(void)

{

misc_deregister(&misc);

}

module_init(dev_init);

module_exit(dev_exit); *******************************************************************************