接下来我们介绍DSA数字签名,非对称加密的另一种实现。
DSA
DSA-Digital Signature Algorithm 是Schnorr和ElGamal签名算法的变种,被美国NIST作为DSS(DigitalSignature Standard)。简单的说,这是一种更高级的验证方式,用作数字签名。不单单只有公钥、私钥,还有数字签名。私钥加密生成数字签名,公钥验证数据及签名。如果数据和签名不匹配则认为验证失败!数字签名的作用就是校验数据在传输过程中不被修改。数字签名,是单向加密的升级!
通过java代码实现如下: Coder类见 Java加密技术(一)
- import java.security.Key;
- import java.security.KeyFactory;
- import java.security.KeyPair;
- import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
- import java.security.PrivateKey;
- import java.security.PublicKey;
- import java.security.SecureRandom;
- import java.security.Signature;
- import java.security.interfaces.DSAPrivateKey;
- import java.security.interfaces.DSAPublicKey;
- import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
- import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- /**
- * DSA安全编码组件
- *
- * @author 梁栋
- * @version 1.0
- * @since 1.0
- */
- public abstract class DSACoder extends Coder {
- public static final String ALGORITHM = "DSA";
- /**
- * 默认密钥字节数
- *
- * <pre>
- * DSA
- * Default Keysize 1024
- * Keysize must be a multiple of 64, ranging from 512 to 1024 (inclusive).
- * </pre>
- */
- private static final int KEY_SIZE = 1024;
- /**
- * 默认种子
- */
- private static final String DEFAULT_SEED = "0f22507a10bbddd07d8a3082122966e3";
- private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "DSAPublicKey";
- private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "DSAPrivateKey";
- /**
- * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
- *
- * @param data
- * 加密数据
- * @param privateKey
- * 私钥
- *
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
- // 解密由base64编码的私钥
- byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);
- // 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象
- PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
- // KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
- KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- // 取私钥匙对象
- PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
- // 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
- Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
- signature.initSign(priKey);
- signature.update(data);
- return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
- }
- /**
- * 校验数字签名
- *
- * @param data
- * 加密数据
- * @param publicKey
- * 公钥
- * @param sign
- * 数字签名
- *
- * @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false
- * @throws Exception
- *
- */
- public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)
- throws Exception {
- // 解密由base64编码的公钥
- byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);
- // 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象
- X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
- // ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
- KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- // 取公钥匙对象
- PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
- Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
- signature.initVerify(pubKey);
- signature.update(data);
- // 验证签名是否正常
- return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
- }
- /**
- * 生成密钥
- *
- * @param seed
- * 种子
- * @return 密钥对象
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static Map<String, Object> initKey(String seed) throws Exception {
- KeyPairGenerator keygen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
- // 初始化随机产生器
- SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
- secureRandom.setSeed(seed.getBytes());
- keygen.initialize(KEY_SIZE, secureRandom);
- KeyPair keys = keygen.genKeyPair();
- DSAPublicKey publicKey = (DSAPublicKey) keys.getPublic();
- DSAPrivateKey privateKey = (DSAPrivateKey) keys.getPrivate();
- Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
- map.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
- map.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);
- return map;
- }
- /**
- * 默认生成密钥
- *
- * @return 密钥对象
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {
- return initKey(DEFAULT_SEED);
- }
- /**
- * 取得私钥
- *
- * @param keyMap
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
- throws Exception {
- Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
- return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
- }
- /**
- * 取得公钥
- *
- * @param keyMap
- * @return
- * @throws Exception
- */
- public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)